weimar germanyy

Why did Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicate in 1918?

Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicated in 1918 after sailors mutinied and ministers told him the war was lost.

What role did Ebert play in 'The German Revolution'?

Ebert worked with the army to stop communist threats and announced Germany was a republic during 'The German Revolution'.

What were the harsh terms of the Treaty of Versailles?

The harsh terms of the Treaty of Versailles included: £6.6 \text{bn} reparations, loss of land, army reduced to 100,000, and Germany being forced to accept blame.

How was the Weimar Republic initially set up?

Ebert agreed an armistice, set up a temporary government, and prepared elections for a new constitution to set up the Weimar Republic.

What was the National Assembly (1919)?

The 1919 election led to a coalition government (mainly SPD) meeting in Weimar to create the constitution, forming the National Assembly.

What is the misconception regarding the Armistice and the Treaty of Versailles?

The Armistice (1918) ended fighting, while the Treaty of Versailles (1919) set the peace terms. The reparations figure was agreed in 1920.

What was the "Dolchstoss" ("Stab in the Back") Myth?

The "Dolchstoss" ("Stab in the Back") Myth was the belief that politicians betrayed the army, which increased mistrust of the new Weimar government.

What was the Spartacist Revolt (1919)?

The Spartacist Revolt (1919) was a communist uprising in Berlin that was crushed by the Freikorps.

What was the Kapp Putsch (1920)?

The Kapp Putsch (1920) was a right-wing attempt to overthrow the German government, which failed when workers went on strike.

What characterized 'Political Violence' in Germany from 1919–23?

Frequent assassinations and extremist paramilitaries caused instability during the period of 'Political Violence' (1919–23).

Why did France and Belgium occupy the Ruhr in 1923?

France and Belgium invaded the Ruhr in 1923 after Germany missed reparations payments; passive resistance in response further hurt the German economy.

What caused hyperinflation in Germany in 1923?

Hyperinflation in Germany in 1923 was caused by the government printing money to pay striking workers, which made the currency worthless.

How did coalitions affect the Weimar Republic?

Many small parties formed coalitions in the Weimar Republic, leading to unstable governments and difficulty passing laws.

What was the Rentenmark?

The Rentenmark was a new currency introduced by Stresemann to stop hyperinflation and restore economic confidence in Germany.

What was the Dawes Plan (1924)?

The Dawes Plan (1924) reduced reparations for Germany and brought US loans, which boosted industry and employment.

What was the Young Plan (1929)?

The Young Plan (1929) further reduced German reparations to 2.2billion and extended their payments over 59 years.

What was the Locarno Pact (1925)?

The Locarno Pact (1925) was an agreement where Germany accepted its western borders, which improved international relations.

What was the Kellogg–Briand Pact (1928)?

The Kellogg–Briand Pact (1928) was an international agreement not to use war to achieve political aims.

How did the standard of living improve during Stresemann's recovery?

During Stresemann's recovery, the standard of living improved with higher wages, better housing, more jobs, cultural growth, and new roles for women.

What were the DAP and NSDAP?

The DAP (German Workers' Party) was founded in 1919 and was renamed the NSDAP (National Socialist German Workers' Party) under Hitler, who became its leader by 1921.

What were the key beliefs of the Twenty-Five Point Programme?

The key beliefs of the Twenty-Five Point Programme, developed by the Nazis, included overturning the Treaty of Versailles, removing Jews, and expanding German territory.

Why did Nazi membership increase?

Nazi membership increased due to Hitler’s powerful speeches and effective propaganda, which attracted large crowds.

What was the SA (Sturmabteilung)?

The SA (Sturmabteilung), also known as the Storm Detachment, was a Nazi paramilitary organization used to protect meetings and intimidate opponents.

What was the Munich Putsch (1923)?

The Munich Putsch (1923) was an attempted Nazi seizure of power that failed, leading to Hitler's arrest.

What were the consequences of the Munich Putsch?

The consequences of the Munich Putsch were that Hitler gained national publicity, wrote 'Mein Kampf' during his imprisonment, and changed his strategy to gain power through elections rather than violent overthrow.

Bamberg Conference (1926)

Hitler ended party divisions, rejected socialist ideas, and secured full control of the Nazi Party.