Geography

Location

Where something is found on the Earth

Place

Describes the physical (found naturally on earth: mountains, rivers, etc.) and human/man-made characteristics that make a location unique

Ex. what makes perrysburg perrysburg? maumee river

Regions

Areas that share common characteristics.

Ex. Sahara desert

Movement

How & why people move and are connected.

Examples? People moving to city for work or better opportunities

Human-Environment Interaction

Relationship between people and their environment. How people adapt, depend on, or modify their environment.

Ex. Air conditioning

Realm

Largest units the inhabited world can be divided into using both physical & human measurements. Establishes global framework. 12 accepted major realms.

Ex. North America Realm: U.S. & Canada

Absolute location

Latitude and Longitude. Specific place

Relative Location

Describes the general area.

Ex: Eastern Europe

WHAT IS A REGION?

Regions may or may not have boundaries! Ex: Desert region

Regions have space but may be hard to define. Different ideas exist about regional boundaries

Ex: Greater Toledo

Functional Region:

a region characterized by a city centered system of interaction.

Ex. Toledo and the towns around like sylvania, perrysburg

Formal Region:

uniform or homogeneous areas where everyone in that region shares common attributes or traits like language, climate or political system. Formal regions are primarily used to determine and outline political, cultural and economic regions.

Ex. French speaking Quebec

Types of regions:

1. Political - country

2. Cultural: Area of a region where there are many shared cultural traits. Usually divided by

political boundaries. Ex: African tribes or Native Americans

3. National region = Jewish nation Israel, Jew for nationality and religion

4. Natural: Dominated by physical landscape. Ex: mountains & valleys

POPULATION GROWTH:

A.D.- From the birth of Christ population to the 1700’s population:

250 million people were added. In 2000, we were adding the same number every 3 three years!

No longer true. Crowded areas are becoming more crowded! Still very true!

1980- World population: 4.7 billion

Today: World Pop. = 7.64 billion

POPULATION AGGLOMERATIONS:

1. East Asian Cluster: Korea to Vietnam to China

2. South Asia: India, Pakistan, & Bangladesh.

3. Europe: Britain to Russia to Italy to France

4. N. America- Canada to Florida to East of Mississippi River

Rising 5. Southeast Asia: Philippines and Indonesia

N. America- Canada to Florida to Mississippi River

Forming megalopolis. 150 million people live here.

MEGALOPOLIS:

A region made up of several large cities and their surrounding areas in sufficient proximity to be considered a single urban complex.

Ex. North America east coast coming together gradually to make huge city

Hinterland

surrounding area that interacts with the center - Suburb

Urban cities usually have a hinterland

Ex. Perrysburg hinterland for Toledo

More people means…

More conflict

Religious Conflict

Ex. Catholics vs. Protestants, Sikhs vs. Muslims

The number one cause of war

Nationalism Conflict

Identification with one’s own nation and support for its interests, especially to the exclusion or detriment of the interests of other nations. Pride in one’s country

Ex. January 6th

Political Conflict

Ex.

A. Parties or groups or ideologies- feel strongly so ends in a violent manner

B. totalitarian vs democratic - dictatorship v. democratic

C. Ethnic/regional - Kashmir in India

Faction

a small, organized group within a larger organization or country whose members share distinct beliefs, aims, or interests that differ from the main body.

Modern Development Conflict

The changing world and its need has created a variety of conflicts around the globe

1.Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam Project: Ethiopia and Egypt are struggling for fresh water

2. Coal Mining and Indigenous Communities in India: Conflict or person in power absorbs, adopts, or takes over an opposing group

Modern Development

= differences between older and newer generation music, clothes, food

Economic Conflict

Haves vs Have nots

Rich vs. poor

Gap between people because of money

Culture

shared patterns of behaviors and interactions learned through the process of socialization. All people have a culture.

Culture made up of 3 things BIT

1. Peoples beliefs such as religion or politics

2. Institutions such as governmental or legal

3. Technology meaning shills or equipment

Technology

Anything that makes human life easier.

Does culture change?

Culture changes over time through innovations

Innovation

a new and better way of doing things

Cultural Geography

How and why people live

3 things that affect the worlds cultural geopgraphy:

1. Farming

2. Living in Cities

3. Using machines

Diffusion

movement of an innovation through society by spreading vy spreading and relocatinng

Ex. Levis Jeans

Acculturation

When one culture changes through meeting another culture

Ex. Noodles/ pasta

Chinese invented noodles but spread to Italy and they changed it and made it better

What is Culture affected by

Where people live

Urbanization

more people are moving to cities

Industrialization

machines to make goods

Agriculture

Raising of crops and animals

Traditional agriculture

farming for your own benefit

Commercial agriculture

farming for making a profit