18 - Concepts of Care for Patients with Cancer
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18 Terms
benign tumor cell
a type of abnormal cell growth in which normal cells grow in the wrong place or at the wrong time as a result of a problem with cellular regulation
cancer
a type of abnormal cell growth in which cellular regulation is lost, resulting in new tissues that serve no useful function, are harmful to the function of normal cells and organs, and can lead to death if left untreated
carcinogenesis
the cancer development with changing of a normal cell into a cancer cell
carcinogen
a substance that changes the activity of a cell’s genes so that the cell becomes a cancer cell
chemotherapy
a cytotoxic drug aimed to reduce tumor burden and destroy cancer cells
chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN)
the loss of sensory perception or motor function of peripheral nerves associated with exposure to certain anticancer drugs
emetogenic
a substance that can induce nausea and vomiting
extravasation
a leakage or infiltration of a vesicant into the surrounding tissue
immune-related adverse event (irAE)
an adverse event related to immunotherapy
immunotherapy
a drug designed to activate the body’s immune system to attack cancer cells, causing cell death
metastasis
the ability of cancer cells to invade and spread into other tissues and organs from the primary tumor location
nadir
the period in which the bone marrow suppression is the greatest and the patient is at highest risk for complications
neutropenia
a decreased number of neutrophil white blood cells, leading to immunosuppression
primary cancer prevention
the use of strategies to prevent the actual occurrence of cancer
primary tumor
the original cancer cells and tumor
secondary cancer prevention
the use of screening strategies to detect cancer early when cure or control is more likely
thrombocytopenia
a decreased number of platelets, leading to impaired clotting and bleeding
vesicant
a drug that can cause severe tissue damage to surrounding tissue if it escapes into subcutaneous tissue