soc300 midterm practice

Which of the following is the best example of a hypothesis?

Diffusion of responsibility

Which of the following is the best example of a hypothesis?

The higher a person’s level of education, the more likely they are to vote.

Dr. Brown is preparing a research project. She is currently working on an idea about the process by which people in close relationships develop and update their awareness of the likes, dislikes and emotional well-being of their relationship partners. Dr. Brown calls this form of awareness “cognitive room.”

What part of the research process is described above?

conceptualization

A researcher is interested in generational differences in support for legislation addressing climate change. She finds that compared to older people, young adults are more supportive of the legislation, but that this generational difference in support is much greater in rural areas than elsewhere in the country.

In this example, “geographic location” (rural, non-rural) is a/n __________________ variable.

moderating

In their groundbreaking research examining what affects helping behavior, the experimenters
Darley and Latane varied subjects’ exposure to...

group size

The use of metaphor by researchers to convey an idea is effective especially when the idea is
__________.

New or "novel"

Dr. Brooks is planning a study of how today’s adults manage work and family demands. Brooks defines “work-family conflict” as “when simultaneous pressures from the work and family domains make meeting the demands of one role incompatible with meeting the demands of the other role."

In this example, Dr. Brooks is involved in what part of the research process?

Conceptualization

Complete the following: “Based on the reading assigned for this course, information
redundancy in workplaces ________________ the use of employee voice.”

reduces

A researcher is interested in the effects of class size on student performance in grade schools. She finds that as class size increases, student performance declines, but that this impact is amplified for students in public schools. For private-school students, class size has a much-weaker impact on student performance.

In this example, “type of school” (public, private) is a/n __________________ variable.

Moderating

A researcher is interested in studying the rise and decline of religious organizations. For one of their measures, they record the number of programs each organization has established to support young religious followers. (Oct 20 reading and lecture material) Given the above description, what constitutes a “case” (otherwise known as the unit of analysis) for this research?

the organization

In the “large group” experimental condition of the original Darley and Latane study, what percentage of subjects sought out help within the allotted time (6 minutes)?

one third (approximately 33%

Which key concept is a shared focus of the research by Darley and Latane (1967) and Hussein et al (2019)?

diffusion of responsibility

Which of the following is the best example of a hypothesis?

Young women are more likely to attend college than are young men.

Which of the below serves as the dependent variable in Hussain et al.’s model of the bystander effect in the workplace?

Use of “voice” to bring attention to concerns/grievances

A researcher collects information on students' time spent per week visiting a CANVAS course website and the number of correct answers students give on the course final exam. The above is identified with what part of the research process?

Measurement

A research team decides to collect survey data from US residents to analyze the effects of moving from place to place (i.e., geographic mobility) on a person’s income. Among the questions they ask of survey takers is the name of the city/town in which they live currently (Oct 20 reading and lecture material)
As defined above, what is the case or unit of analysis for this study?

person or individual

The Hussain et al. study on workplace behavior is organized around "research puzzles" that give rise to counter-intuitive hypotheses (that is, hypotheses that are contrary to “common-sense”). An example of this kind of hypothesis from the study is...

Information redundancy in work-teams especially inhibits workers from airing
complaints in settings where workers are on good terms with their managers.

Consider the following sentence that describes part of a conceptual framework in a published research paper: "Among all workers, working mothers tend to earn lower wages. One reason this may be the case is that employers think that compared to other workers, working mothers are less committed to their jobs."

In this statement, “job commitment” takes on the role of a/n ____________ variable.

Mediating

Concerns over whether the results of a lab experiment reflect how people would respond under similar conditions in “real life” are concerns over...

external validity

Lakoff and Johnson, in the reading titled “Metaphors We Live By,” emphasize the role of metaphor in scientific conceptualization because metaphor ...

Strongly influences how people think about and perceive reality

The phrase: “The seeds of his greatest ideas were planted in his youth” illustrates the metaphor that ideas are like:

Plant

Which of the following is an example of confirmation bias?

Placing more importance on “evidence” of left-handed creative people when you
already believe that left-handed people are more creative.