humanistic theory + Kohlberg

Physiological needs

need to satisfy hunger + thirst

Safety needs

need to feel safe, secure + stable

Love and belonging needs

need to love + be loved, to belong and be accepted

Esteem needs

need for self-esteem, achievement and independence, respect from others

Self-actualisation needs

need to live up to one’s fullest potential

Criticisms

its view of human nature is idealistic and not attainable in reality

Transcendence needs

helping others to achieve self-actualisation- added later as he felt you can’t achieve self-actualisation if you have a higher goal outside of one’s self

Maslow

asserts that people have free will- the freedom to make choices so that they can fulfil their true potential

Maslow's theory

explained that every person is born with a set of basic needs

How it affects personality

Whatever level you haven’t received much of growing u becomes what you want more than anything and shapes your personality

Kohlberg

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Believed morality develops gradually throughout childhood/adolescence, he found that reasons behind judging whether an action is right or wrong change as the children get older

Level 1 Pre-conventional morality

right and wrong determined by rewards/punishment

Level 2 Conventional morality

views of others matter. Avoidance of blame, seeking approval

Level 3 Post-conventional morality

abstract notions of justice, rights of others can override obedience to laws/rules

Stage 1 Punishment/Obedience

whatever leads to punishment is wrong

Stage 2 Rewards

the right way to behave is the way that is rewarded

Stage 3 Good intentions

behaving in ways that conform to ‘good behaviour’

Stage 4 Obedience to authority

importance of ‘doing one’s duty’

Stage 5Difference between moral and legal right

recognition that rules should sometimes be broken

Stage 6 Individual principles of conscience

takes account of likely views of everyone affected by a moral decision