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agriculture

the domestication of plants and animals that make them useful to humans; surplus

infrastructure

support systems and services that increase the standard of living

development

the improvement in standard of living with access to information and technology

globalization

the interdependence of all places on earth

sustainability

the ability to have resources for the future while protecting the environment

urbanization

the development and growth of cities

gender norms

the expected roles for men and women in a society; affects development

core-periphery

concentrated area of power and surrounding weaker areas

spatial

distance between things on the earth's surface

spatial patterns

the arrangement of things on the earth's surface

spatial processes

factors that cause the arrangement of things on the earth's surface; SPICED and H

social spatial processes

grouping people into classes affects access

political spatial processes

laws and taxes over people territory and resources

interdependence

humans rely on other places and the environment

culture

the beliefs and practices and technologies of a group of people; TERL

economic spatial processes

how humans use and manage their resources

diffusion

the movement of things on the earth's surface

historical spatial processes

events in the past that created spatial patterns, e.g., colonialism, WWI and WWII.

states

organized political entities over large territories

colonialism and imperialism

the global diffusion of Western European culture

Industialization

mass production of value-added goods in factories; surplus

economic sectors

primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary, quinary

demographic transition model (DTM)

shows population changes with economic changes

value-added

turning raw materials into products that are worth more