U1L4: School Age & Adolescent Development

how old is middle childhood/ school age

6-12 y/o

teeth characteristics in middle childhood (2)

- deciduous teeth shed (ugly duckling phase)

- permanent teeth appear -> 6 y/o

organ system developments in middle childhood (5)

- systems nearing adult capacities

- HR & RR slow down

- stronger immune sys

- increasing muscular strength & size -> alternate sports

- adult airways at 7

weight & growth development in middle childhood (2)

- 6 to 12 y/o should double weight

- girls tend to grow earlier then boys do

when does prepubescence occur?

typically occurs between middle childhood to 13 y/o -> 2 yrs preceding puberty

prepubescence

gender differences emerge & growth spurts occur esp in girls -> usually boys experience 2 yrs after

gross motor skill development in middle childhood (4)

- bicycling

- jumping rope

- skating

- may become awk -> growth spurts

fine motor skill development in middle childhood (4)

- crafts

- card games

- board games

- play instrument

what stage of piagets theory is middle childhood apart of?

concrete operational stage -> 7-11 yrs

concrete operational stage - piagets theory (4)

- problem solving based on reason

- understanding of complex relations

- able to tell time

- still not thinking abt future

what complex relations is starting to be understood in middle childhood? (2)

- classification into simultaneous cat -> baseball cards

- conservation, reversibility

communication & language development in middle childhood (5)

- learning to read

- use of plurals & pronouns

- enjoy jokes & riddles -> metalinguistic awareness

- understands metaphors

- profanity & dirty jokes

metalinguistic awareness

understand double meanings & play on words

school age body image

acutely aware of bodies & deviation esp if have physical impairment -> risk feeling inferior or less desirable

school age sexuality (2)

- curiosity -> role play but not in sexual way

- sex ed -> encourage parents to talk to child & dispel myths

social interactions in middle childhood (5)

- peer support

- strong sense of belonging -> desire to be accepted

- developing best friends

- often segregate by gender

- bullying emerges

how can you deal with bullying of a child?

theres no escaping it so look for stress signs & ask abt school/friends as a provider

psychosocial development in middle child - erikson: industry (3)

- mastery of social physical, & academic skills

- focus on peers & society

- teach that they won't be good at everything

psychosocial development in middle child - erikson: inferiority

doesn't measure up to expectations of self, peers, & adults

pre-conventional stage -> kohlberg (4)

- know expected rules & behaviors

- don't understand reasoning of rules

- behavior guided rewards & punishment

- may interpret accidents/illness as punishment

conventional stage -> kohlberg

judge act by intention rather than only consequences

play during middle childhood (3)

- cooperative & competitive play

- group activities -> rules & standards

- important of solitary & participatory activities

activities 6-9 y/o should be participating in (7)

- board & number games

- hopscotch

- jum rope

- collect things

- ride bikes

- build models

- organize sports

activities 9-12 y/o should be participating in (8)

- crafts

- build models

- collect things

- hobbies

- jigsaw puzzles

- board or card games

- organized sports

- musical instrument

healthy lifestyle behaviors in middle childhood (3)

- good nutrition & exercise

- encourage parents to not use food as reward

- no tobacco, alc, & street drugs

sports & injury prevention (2)

- helmets

- care seat/seatbelt used

whats the most common cause of death >4 y/o

motor vehicle crash

latch key kids

kids who are able to be left home without adult supervision -> recommended shouldn't be before 10

school age fears (5)

- natural disasters

- being hurt

- death of loved one

- kidnapped

- fear dark

what is the AAP recommendation regarding screens?

screen time should be limited from 6-17 y/o

what age group is adolescent?

11-20 y/o

how long does adolescent growth spurt last?

4-5 yrs

characteristics of adolescent growth spurt? (2)

- weight first then height

- girls occurs before boys usually

brain & rest in adolescence (3)

- neurohormonal releasing factors -> control stress reactivity and sleep disruption

- increased need for sleep

- delayed sleep phase

tanner staging

5 stages: pre adolescent -> adult

adolescent girls tanner

breast development & pubic hair -> starts w asymmetric bump near nipple

adolescent girls menarche timeline

usually starts around 2 yrs after breast development

typical age range for girls to have puberty

8-13

adolescent boys tanner

development of pubic hair, penis, testes, & scrotum changes

when is ejaculation able to occur?

around 1 yr after the penis lengthens

gynecomastia

boys breast development in early to mid puberty -> resolves on its own but if overweight it lasts longer

typical age range for boys to have puberty

9-14

what stage of piagets theory is 11-15 y/o apart of?

formal operational stage

formal operational stage - piagets theory (4)

- systematic & abstract thought

- appreciation of the hypothetical

- future projection/orientation

- pre frontal cortex last to develop (20 yrs) -> decisions based on desire to fit in

psychosocial development for adolescence - erikson: identity (3)

- coming to know oneself

- establishing personal ideology

- when ED come into play

psychosocial development for adolescence - erikson: role confusion

unable to acquire a sense of self

psychosocial development for adolescence - shaping identity (2)

- peer influence -> positive or risk taking?

- sex role identity -> finding a partner

cultural influences on adolescents (2)

- differing views -> creates role confusion

- rites of passage ceremonies -> adulthood celebrated

herd immunity

number of immune individuals reaches critical threshold to prevent an infectious disease from spreading

outcome of decreased vaccinations

reemergence of measles & other preventable diseases

risks of vaccines (4)

- common: soreness, low-grade fever

- rare: allergic rxns

- contraindications must be screening

- not linked to autism

vaccination risks that should be documented (5)

- anaphylaxis/allergic rxn

- compromised immune fxn

- hx of intussusception

- hx of seizures

- moderate or severe illness

how does having anaphylaxis/ allergic rxn affect ability to get vaccinated? (2)

- anaphylactic neomycin allergy -> MMR contraindicated

- yeast hypersensitivity -> Hep B contraindicated

how does having compromised immune fxn affect ability to get vaccinated?

varicella & MMR contraindicated since its live

how does having hx of intussusception or severe combined immunodeficiency affect ability to get vaccinated?

rotavirus contraindicated

how does having hx of seizures affect ability to get vaccinated?

precaution MMR & varicella & increased risk of febrile seizures 12-23 months

how does having moderate to severe illness affect ability to get vaccinated? (2)

- precaution not contraindication -> check w provider

- give as soon as illness passes

vaccines to protect pregnant moms

- Tdap

- abrysvo

- flu

what does tdap prevent & when should it be given to pregnant persons?

for pertussis/whooping cough & should be given during the 27th-36th week pregnancy

what does abrysvo prevent & when should it be given to pregnant persons?

for RSV & should be given during 32-36 week of pregnancy

what should be the vaccine status of caregivers & close contacts to baby?

- tdap & flu updated every 10 yrs

- should be fully vaccinated 2 weeks before meeting baby

why do babies still need hepatitis vaccine?

mothers passive immunity given to baby goes away at 2 months

when is hep b vaccine given to babies?

at birth or as soon as possible

when are most vaccines given to babies?

at 2 months

when is the rotavirus given?

max age for 1st dose is 14 weeks & 6 days

when is MMR/varicella given?

min age of 12 months

when is HPV vaccine given?

min age of 9 yrs