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List the features of a good study
Clear aim
Representative sample
Large sample size
Valid & reliable results
Were all relevant variables considered & controlled?
Describe how data might provide evidence for links between risk factors & illness & mortality
Look for a general correlation
In tables look for coinciding patterns
Focus on trends not individual data points
This may involve comparing 1 set of data from control groups to other groups.
If error bars are present, non-overlapping error bars means there’s more chance of a significant relationship
Look out for details of the study
Data manipulations may be required e.g. calculating percentage increases to support your conclusions.
Describe how data linking risk factors to illness/mortality may be critiqued?
Correlation doesn’t confirm causation
Have other risk factors been ruled out/ controlled for?
Are there parts of the graph/data that don’t fit the trend?
Are the error bars overlapping in the region of correlation?
Is there anything in the design of the study not controlled? E.g. sample size, unrepresentative sample
Could there be bias?
Explain the concepts of energy intake and expidenture
Energy is gained in the form of dietary carbs, fat & protein
When these molecules are digested, absorbed & assimilated, their stored chemical energy is added to the body
These stored molecules are broken down in processes such as respiration, where there energy is used e.g. muscle contraction
Energy expenditure is connected to BMR
Explain how energy imbalances are related to weight gain or loss
When energy gain = energy used there is no net weight gain/loss
When more energy is consumed than used there is weight gain
When more energy is used than gained there is weight loss
Excessive weight gain can lead to obesity
Note 
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