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how much od the nations wealth did the nobility hold ?
15%
how much of the population were nobility or gentry?
2%
how much money did the did the marquid of newcastle and the earl of worchester each give to the royalist clause in 1642?
£900,000
£700,000
why was tgere a continued decline in the nobility from the elizabethan age?
due to inflation and the high level of spending expected by the nobility
why were the nobility effected by inflation?
they lacked accessible wealth as they had locked assets such as land and property that could not be sold as they were family heirlooms and by selling you were highlighting your financial situation.
How much of the nations wealth did the nobility hold?
15%
What was the total number of gentry in 17th century?
15,000
how many greater gentry were there?
3,000
how many lesser gentry were there ?
12,000
by what per cent did the gentry class increase from the Tudors to the mid-17th centaury?
300%
what social class grew at a greater rate than the other social classes
the gentry
How much of the nations wealth belonged to the Gentry in the 17th century?
Half
what was the high gentry beginning to enter into ?
MPS
What roles did the lesser gentry become?
Constables
Judges
Why did role of gentry enhance (contexual reasons)?
Increased role of parilament in build to civil war
Charles turned to parliament (many gentry in this) to help him fight the Scots
Many officers who fought for parliament became high profile figures in the republic from the repubilc
name 3 important people who were part of the gentry
john pym
oliver cromwell
george monck
3 reasons why the number of merchants were increasing
increased urbanisation
growth of major towns thus creating further trade opportunities
economic growth due to a consumer boom
How many merchants were trading in 1688 vs 1580?
64,000
34,000
how did merchants try to climb the ‘social ladder’? x2
would try to marry into the gentry or buy earldoms
what merchants could become as rich as the nobility?
owners of large trade companies
Limitations to the merchants power?
Could never command same influence and respect of landed elites
What would younger sons of landowning families typically pursue?
Career in business
why was there an increase in professionals
increased demmand for healthcare, legal services and new building
Why did the rise in living standards allow the professionals to grow?
People needed more services
what was the number of memebrs of the grays inn in 1574 and in 1619?
1574- 120 barristers
1617— over 200 barristers
How many students were at the inner temples (where layers trained) between 1600,1640
1,700
what percent of students admitted to the internal temple inns of court were sons of nobility or gentry? ( limitation to the growth of the professional class)
90%
Limitation to growth of professionals?
Lower class had lack of eduation
Girls could go to grammar school neither could msot yeoman
what would a gentry or noble wife do?
direct servants and organise parties
what would a labourer wife do?
carry out physical work, cook , domestic duties
how were women viewed and why?
with suspicion due to the influence of the bible- said women were irrational and devious due to the addam and eve story.
what was an unmarried woman accused of?
witchcraft
what was a brank and why was it used?
apparatus used to punish outspoken women
it inhibited a woman from talking
What did women do during the civil war ?
took on ‘mens’ roles as the men went to fight
looked after whole estates
what did Mary Banks do and what side of the civil war was she on?
she was a royalist
commanded troops to defend Corfe castle
What did Brilliana Harley do during the civil war?
Directed troops to protect her estate
what happened for women after the civil war?
changes were reversed
what did puritans advocate fro in terms of women’s rights and why?
advocated for women’s education so they could preach the bible to their children- believed family was at the centre of worship
Name a large puritan group
the quakers
How many schools were willing to educate girls before 1617?
4/15
How many women petitioned parliament for peace in 1643?
6,000
What did Elizabeth Lilburn do for her husband John Lilburn when he was imprisoned during the civil war?
Got 10,000 women to sign a petition for his release
How did parliament react to Elizabeth Lilburns petition?
Rejected it
what did the levellers agrue for in terms of womens rights?
equality
what did the diggers argue for in terms of womens rights?
womens suffrage
how many members of the diggers were there ?
about 80
How much of the population did the Quakers take up?
1%
what did george fox- the founder of the quakers argue for in 1676 and what was the effect of this?
continuation of separate women’s activities
backwards step for women and the Quakers were the strongest group and the best chance for increased women’s freedom.
indicates no change in the view of women
what did the adultery acts state and what year was it?
1650
Men’s sexual misendvours seen as a lesser crime
What did the adultury act allow regarding punsihment?
Both women and men could be sentenced to death
Limitation to adultury act in 1650?
Women were sentenced to death more frequently than men
How many women and men were tried for adultury in the 1650s?
24 women
15 men
How many male suspects made up adultery charges in 1650 between 1660 in Devon?
10% of 255 charges
what did the adultry act of 1650 have the potential to do and why ?
give women greater legal identity as they could go to court aginst theor husbands
whan was the marriage act and what did it state?
1653
allowed a civil marriage
limitation of the marriage act of 1653
not popular as men disliked the power it gave thier wife
when was the toleration act and what did it state?
1650
could worship any form of christianity- thus allowed quakers to exist
What did Charles II lift in 1660?
Restriction on women performing plays
What was england in 1625?
Confessional state
when was the quaker act and what did it state?
1662
banned quakerism
what year were the levellers founded
1645
which radical group was the most successfull and most influentail in the civil war
the levellers
what were the origins of the levellers group
religious radicalism in the army ranks
what did levellers advocated for in their pamphlets
mew elections and equality under the law
what was the levellers most influential work and what year was this proposed
the agreement of the people in 1647
who was colonel thomas rainsborough
highest ranking leveller in the new modle army
at what event did coloel thomas rainsborough speak at
putney debates
what did colonel thomas rainsborough demand at the putney debates x5
house of commons become the centeral body
abolish the house of lords
new constitution
universal male suffrage
religious freedom
which of thomas rainsboroughs demmands were met?
none
what was the levellers reason for universal male suffrage and a less elitist political system and what did this trigger
the bible didnt state that the poor couldnt be involved in politics - triggered a conservative backlash
in what year did the governemnt crush the levellers
1653
what did the levellers want to do with debt and why
end imprisonmnt for debt as only the poor goit into debt so unfair
what was a limitation to the levellers
they were a small group with even being a minority in the new model army
when were the ranters founded
1650
what event did the ranters take advantage of to form a group
Charles’ execution
what was the blasphemy act of 1650
banned ranters wh
at was the political significance of the blasphemy act
showed that the new republican governemnt still feared an uprising
how did the governemnt use the fear of ranters to their advantage
used it to reduce religious toleration by exaggerating the ranters actrivities and threat in the press
what was different about the ranters compared to the make upnof other opposition groups
they were of slightly higher class and more educatedwh
when were the diggers founded
1649
what was the most radical group
the diggers
what did the diggers call themselves
the true levellers
what did the diggers mainly do
claimed ownershopnof land based on the fact that charles death invalidated the land laws
roughly how many diggers were there
80-100
who did the diggers insult, how and what did this show
sir thomas fairfax -leader of the new model army- by not removing their hats. this showed intolerance to the new governemnt
what were the main ideas of the diggers
compulsory education for boys and girls
common ownership of means of production
abolition of the monarchy
votes for all men and women
which opposition group outright stated they wanted no monarch
the diggers
when a
when were the seekers founded
1620
what was a downfall of the seekers
they were loosley organised
what was the seekers main belief
chuch and clergy were irrelevant as god was found within the individual
what was differesnt in the way the seekers viewed religion
rejection of the institution of the church suggesting a wish for erradication of the church instead of an alteration
how were the seekers viewed by the public and why
a threat to social heiracy as they suggested a radical change to religion wich was high in social heiracy
when were the quakers founded
1650
where did the quakers start
north england
what was the largest opposition group
the quakers
where were the quakers most popular
rural areas where their were less churches
hat is a similarity between the quakers and the seekers
believed religion and god came from within the individual
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