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labile
fast toward ligand substitution
d0, d7, d9, d10, HS d4,d5,d6
inner sphere e- transfer
inert
slow toward ligand sub
high LFSE
d3 LS d4, d5,d6
outersphere
dissociative
loss of ligand, form new metal-ligand bond
rate dependent on [ligand] lost
octahedral complexes
associative
form new metal-ligand bond, loss of ligand
rate dependent on incoming ligand
square planar complexes
oxidation
loss of e-
anode
M2+ → M3+
more bonds to O
reduction
gain of e-
cathode
M2+ → M+
less bonds to O
more (+) E1/2
e- withdrawing (Cl-)
lower donor ability to ligands
lower oxidation state
pi acceptors
easier to reduce
more (-) E1/2
e- donating (OCH3)
higher donor ability to ligands
higher oxidation state
pi donors
harder to reduce
more (-) LFSE is
easier to reduce
innersphere
form bridge between metals
labile
rate dependent on LIGAND
intense UV vis signals
outersphere
form solvent sphere
inert
catalyst
substance that alters the rate of rxn without appearing in any products
increase rxn rates, lower activation energy
homogenous catalyst
in same phase as reagents
solutes in liquid solutions
heterogenous catalyst
in different phase than reagents
solid with gas or liquid reagents
