Sports Kinesiology Movement Vocab

anatomical position

the upright position of the body with the face directed forward, the arms at the side, and the palms of the hands facing forwards

adduction

moving a part toward the midline of the body

abduction

moving a part away from the midline of the body

internal rotation

turning a part on a single axis while bringing the anterior surface toward the midline

external rotation

turning a part on a single axis while bringing the anterior surface away from the midline

circumduction

following a circular path

flexion

bending a part (decreasing the angle)

extension

extending a part (increasing the angle)

hyperextension

going beyond anatomical position (past extension)

supination

turning the hand anteriorly (toward the front) (movement occurs at the wrist joint)

pronation

turning that hand posteriorly (toward the back) (movement occurs at the wrist joint)

dorsiflexion

bringing the toes toward the shin

plantar flexion

pointing the toes downward

retraction

moving a body part on the transverse plane backward

protraction

moving a body part on the transverse plane forward

depression

moving a body part on the frontal plane downward

elevation

moving a body part on the transverse plane upward

eversion

turning the sole of the foot outward

inversion

turning the sole of the foot inward

radial deviation

bending the wrist toward the radius

ulnar deviation

bending the wrist toward the radius

horizontal abduction

movement of the arm horizontally away from the body

lateral flexion

bending side to side on the frontal plane

horizontal adduction

movement of the arms horizontally toward the body

Tension vs. Length graph (for muscles)

Force vs. Velocity

NASM’s OPT model (5 levels)

stability, muscular endurance, hypertrophy, strength, power

medial

relative to the midline of the body

lateral

relatively further away from the midline or toward the outside of the body

contralateral

positioned on the opposite side of the body

ipsilateral

positioned on the same side of the body

anterior

positioned on or toward the front of the body

posterior

positioned on or toward the back of the body

proximal

positioned nearest to the center of the body or other identified reference point

distal

positioned farthest from the center of the body or other identified reference point

inferior

positioned below an identified reference point

superior

positioned above an identified reference point

transverse plane

upper and lower halves

sagittal plane

left and right

frontal plane

front and back

ROM

range of motion

concentric

(+) bending movement

isometric

staying in bent position

eccentric

(-) going back to anatomical position

closed kinetic-chain

hands or feet stay on the ground

open kinetic-chain

body stays grounded

muscle balance

muscles staying in equilibrium when moving