General Science: Physics in Real Life and Industry

Vocabulary flashcards covering the definitions of fundamental physics concepts, motion types, and medical applications based on the lecture notes.

Physics

The branch of science that studies matter, energy, motion, forces, and their interactions to understand how the natural world works.

Energy

The ability to do work or cause change, such as food powering a body or the Sun providing for plants.

Sound

Vibrations that travel through a medium and can be heard by our ears.

Force

A push or pull that can change an object's motion or shape.

Inertia

The tendency of an object to resist changes in its state of motion.

Electricity

The flow of electric charges that powers various devices.

Motion

The change in an object's position over time relative to a reference point.

Light

Electromagnetic radiation that allows us to see objects.

Magnetism

A force that attracts or repels certain materials such as iron.

Radiation

Heat transfer through electromagnetic waves without direct contact.

Gravity

The force that pulls objects toward the Earth.

Heat

The movement of thermal energy from a warmer object to a cooler one.

X-ray machines

Medical devices that use electromagnetic waves to produce images of bones and internal organs.

MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)

A technology that uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to create detailed images of body tissues.

Ultrasound machines

Devices that use high-frequency sound waves to monitor pregnancy and examine internal organs.

Laser surgery

A medical procedure that uses concentrated light energy to perform precise operations.

Radiation therapy

A treatment that uses controlled radiation to destroy cancer cells.

Translational Motion

Motion in which an object moves from one place to another, where every part of the object moves the same distance and in the same direction.

Rotational Motion

Motion that occurs when an object spins or rotates about a fixed axis.

Axis of Rotation

An imaginary line around which an object rotates, such as a motor shaft or a central axle.

Angular Displacement

The angle through which an object rotates, measured in units such as $\text{degrees}$ or $\text{radians}$, and possessing direction.

Angular Accelaration

The change in rotational speed; it is positive when an object spins faster and negative when it slows down.

Reference Point

A fixed point used to determine an object's position, such as a school building or a traffic light.

Compound Machine

A machine made up of two or more simple machines working together to perform a task more efficiently.

Mechanical Advantage (MA)

The ability of a machine to multiply the applied force, meaning a greater $\text{MA}$ requires less effort to perform a task.