Cell Cycle Presentation 8

Know how prokaryotes (bacteria) divide: two steps and results.

–DNA REPLICATES

–CELL SPLITS

Results-2 new Identical parent cells created

Know general process of how eukaryotes divide, two steps, and results.

–SEPARATION OF CHROMOSOMES

–SPLITTING OF CYTOPLASM = “CYTOKINESIS”

Results-2 new Identical parent cells created

What is Binary Fission

splitting of 2 cells

What are 2 ways to define Mitosis 

A word uses to identify the process of cell division, Separation of Chromosomes. 

What is cytokinesis

The splitting of Cytoplasm.

What is a Chromosome?

A CHROMOSOME IS A MOVEABLE PACKAGE OF DNA

Why does a chromosome replicate?

If a cells purpose is to divide, the chromosomes must also to keep the DNA with the cell since chromosomes are DNA

Know the parts of a condensed, duplicated chromosome.

Sister Chromatids-When Chromosomes are replicated and Identical connected by a centrometer.

What is the cell cycle?

The life of a cell; The life a Eukaryotic cell that is marked by events of cell division.

Know the names of the phases of the cell cycle and the order in which they occur

–G1

–S

–G2

–M

G1 – What is G0?

The first Gap Phase/ First growth phase. Period of the cell growth BEFORE the DNA is duplicated.

what is G₀

PERMANENT STATE OF THE CELL

S – Details (SYNTHESIS PHASE)

Period when DNA is Duplicated (that is when chromosomes are duplicated)

What is G2 Phase ?

Period AFTER DNA is duplicated. Cell prepares for division. All the extra stuff that needs to happen, happens in this phase. 

Know what is an Interphase appearance corresponds to which phases of the Cell Cycle.

•APPEARANCE OF CELL IN

–G1

–S

–G2

Know what is a mitotic appearance corresponds to which phases of the Cell Cycle

•APPEARANCE OF CELL IN M PHASE OF THE CELL CYCLE. (No visible Nucleus)

M phase of the Cell Cycle = Mitosis

–SEPARATION OF CHROMOSOMES

–FOUR STAGES

Know the names of the mitosis stages...in order.

Prophase, metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase.

What is Prophase ?

•CHROMOSOMES CONDENSE

•NUCLEAR ENVELOPE DECONSTRUCTS

•SPINDLE FORMS

what is a Spindle?

Microtubes (like little cables attached to Chromosomes that can pull apart from another)

What is Metaphase?

•DUPLICATED CHROMOSOMES LINE UP AT THE EQUATORIAL PLATE

What is Anaphase?

•THE DUPLICATED CHROMOSOMES SEPARATE

•INDIVIDUAL CHROMATIDS MOVE TO OPPOSITE POLES OF THE CELL

What is Telophase?

•PROPHASE IN REVERSE

–CHROMOSOMES DECONDENSE

–SPINDLE DECONSTRUCTS

–NUCLEAR ENVELOPES REFORM

Cytokinesis: two patterns (splitting of cytoplasm)

–ANIMAL CELLS: CLEAVAGE FURROW FORMATION

–PLANT CELLS:  CELL PLATE FORMATION

In cell Division what happens in single cell organisms

•GROWTH IN NUMBERS (POPULATION GROWTH)

In cell division what happens in multicell organisms

GROWTH IN SIZE

What is cancer

Uncontrolled cell division

Cancer causes

–FAILURE OF GENES THAT CONTROL CELL DIVISION

What is another term for Tumor Growth

Neoplasms

Cancer cell characteristics

–UNDIFFERENTIATED

–RAPID, UNCOORDINATED CELL DIVISION

–UNUSUAL NUMBERS OF CHROMOSOMES

NO ATTACHMENTS TO ADJACENT CELLS

Sexual life cycles are in what cells

Eukaryotic organisms

What is a diploid cell ?

Two copies of genetic material subdivided into chromosomes

What is a haploid cell ?

One copy of genetic material subdivided into chromosomes

homologs and homologous

Homologs together are just homologous chromosomes

Two critical components of a sexual life cycle

Syngamy and meiosis

Meiosis starts with

Diploid parent cell

Meiosis ends with

haploid daughter cell

Stages of meiosis

Prophase 1

Metaphase 1

Anaphase 1

Telophase1

Prophase 2

Metaphase 2

Anaphase 2

Telophase 2

Meiosis Prophase 1

•CHROMOSOMES (HOMOLOGOUS PAIRS) CONDENSE

•NUCLEAR ENVELOPE DECONSTRUCTS

•SPINDLE FORMS

Crossing over (only happens in prophase 1)

Meiosis Metaphase 1

–PAIRED CHROMOSOMES LINE-UP AT THE EQUATORIAL PLATE

Meiosis Anaphase 1

–HOMOLOGOUS PAIRS SEPARATE

–INDIVIDUAL HOMOLOGS MOVE TO OPPOSITE POLES

Meiosis Telophase 1

–CHROMOSOMES STAY CONDENSED

–NUCLEAR ENVELOPE DOES NOT REFORM

–SPINDLE DECONSTRUCTS

–MIGHT OR MIGHT NOT BE ACCOMPANIED BY CYTOKINESIS

What is Interkinesis

Its a break in the action