ASforP - Inflammation & Healing: Prostaglandins & Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

What hormone-like substance promotes inflammation?

prostaglandins

What are 4 functions of prostaglandins in inflammation? Which enzyme supports this?

1. inflammation: capillary dilation & increases permeability

2. stimulate noceceptors: pain

3. fever: travel to hypothalamus and alter body temp

4. inhibit platelet aggregation

COX-2 supports this

What is the role of prostaglandins in the stomach?

maintain the gastric mucosa to prevent stomach ingesting itself

What is the role of prostaglandins in the kidneys?

maintains renal perfusion to allow for filtration of waste by vasodilating renal blood vessels

What is the role of prostaglandins in clotting?

inhibit AND stimulate platelet aggregation

What are the 3 'housekeeping' functions of prostaglandins? Which enzyme supports this?

• maintain gastric muscosa

• maintain renal perfusion

• stimulate platelet aggregation

COX-1 supports this

Is COX 1 constitutively activated or inducible?

constitutively activated

Is COX 2 constitutively activated or inducible?

inducible

When is COX-2 activated?

in response to tissue damage

Name 5 common NSAIDs

aspirin, ibuprofen, diclofenac, naproxen, coxibs

Which enzymes does aspirin inhibit? Which one does it inhibit more?

COX-1 and COX-2 inhibits COX-1 more

Which NSAIDs equally inhibit COX-1 and COX-2?

ibuprofen, diclofenac, naproxen

Which NSAID is COX-1 specific? What are the actions of this drug?

aspirin

• inhibits maintenance gastric muscosa

• inhibits renal perfusion

• inhibits platelet aggregation

What happens if you take too much aspirin?

• ulcers: aspirin inhibits the maintenance of gastric mucosa, causing the stomach lining to ingest itself

• acute kidney injury: inhibits renal perfusion, causing reduced bloodflow

Which NSAID is COX-2 specific? What are the actions of this drug?

coxibs

• anti-inflammatory

• reduce pain

• antipyrectic

• clotting side effects

What happens if you take too many coxibs?

• inhibit platelet aggregation inhibition therefore promoting clotting

• some increase chance of cardiovascular events