Studied by 9 people
Chinese Exclusion Act
U.S. law prohibiting Chinese laborers from entering or remaining
Mohandas Gandhi
Indian activist who fought against discrimination in South Africa
Porfirio Díaz
Mexican president promoting immigration and development in northern regions
Trinidad and Tobago
Caribbean nation known for significant Indian population
Mauritius
Island nation where Indians worked as indentured laborers
Natal
Region in South Africa with Indian laborers on railways
Guyana
Caribbean country with a large Indian ethnic group
Argentina
South American nation with high Italian immigration and influence
Chinese Immigration Act
U.S. legislation regulating Chinese immigrants' entry
Chinese Immigration Regulation and Restriction Act
Law limiting Chinese immigrants' arrival in specific regions
Influx of Chinese Restriction Act
Legislation imposing entrance taxes on Chinese immigrants
White Australia Policy
Australian immigration policy aimed at maintaining a racially homogenous population
ethnic enclaves
Communities formed by immigrants sharing the same culture and traditions
Natal Indian Congress
Organization founded by Gandhi to address Indian discrimination in South Africa
kangani system
Recruitment method for entire Indian families to work in colonies
Chinatowns
Urban neighborhoods where Chinese immigrants settled, preserving their culture
Scots-Irish
Protestant descendants of Scots who migrated to Ireland and then to America
popular culture
Culture derived from the shared experiences and interests of the broader population
canal system
Network of navigable waterways facilitating transportation and trade
Colonial Service
Government system for managing colonies and administration
Taiping Rebellion
Massive civil war in China (1850-1864) against the Qing dynasty
slavery
Forced labor system, dehumanizing individuals as property
indentured servants
Workers contracted to serve for a specific period for passage or debt
contract laborers
Workers hired under employment agreements, often exploited
Colonization Society
Organization promoting the settlement of surplus population abroad
penal colony
Settlement used for detaining convicts under hard labor conditions
convicts
Individuals sentenced to imprisonment, often transported for labor
diaspora
Large-scale emigration from a homeland, often involuntary
emigrate
To leave one’s country to settle in another
Great famine
Widespread food scarcity, notably in Ireland (1845-1849) leading to mass emigration
Natural Resources
Materials or substances found in nature that can be exploited for economic gain, significant in industrial economies, especially in the 19th century.
Guano
Fertilizer made from seabird droppings, highly sought after in 19th-century agriculture for its nutrient content.
Cotton
A cash crop cultivated for textile production, central to the economy and imperial interests in the 18th and 19th centuries.
Rubber
A latex product sourced from tropical trees, became vital for industry and transportation in the late 19th century.
Palm Oil
An edible oil produced from oil palms, valued in Europe for lubrication and cooking, often cultivated under colonial conditions.
Ivory
Material from elephant tusks, prized for its beauty and used in luxury items, significant in trade during the 19th century.
Copper
A metal essential for electrical applications and manufacturing, mined extensively in areas like Chile and the Congo in the late 19th century.
Tin
A metal used for coating and preserving food, gained importance with the rise of canning and was sourced from various colonies.
Gold
A precious metal sought after for wealth and trade, heavily mined in regions such as South Africa and Australia during the 19th century.
Diamonds
Precious stones valued for their rarity and beauty, became a major industry in Africa in the late 19th century, largely controlled by colonial powers.
Cecil Rhodes
A British imperialist and businessman, influential in the diamond industry and the expansion of British colonies in Africa in the late 19th century.
De Beers Mining Company
A major company founded by Cecil Rhodes, it became the largest diamond mining and trading company in the world.
Cash Crops
Agricultural products grown not for subsistence but for sale, leading to economic transformation in colonized regions during the 19th century.
Export Economies
Economies primarily focused on producing goods for international markets, prevalent in colonial regions during the 19th century.
Monocultures
Agricultural practices of growing a single crop, often harmful to biodiversity and soil health, prevalent in colonial economies.
Railroads
Transportation systems using trains, revolutionized transport and resource extraction in the 19th-century colonial contexts.
Steamships
Ships powered by steam, transformed long-distance transportation and trade in the late 19th century, enabling global commerce.
Telegraph
A communication system invented in the 19th century, allowing instantaneous information exchange over long distances, vital for commerce.
Apartheid
A system of institutionalized racial segregation and discrimination established in South Africa in the 20th century, rooted in colonial policies of the 19th century.
Hierarchy
A social structure where individuals or groups are ranked one above the other, significant in colonial societies and imperial governance.
Economic Imperialism
A practice where foreign business interests dominate local economies, often by exploiting resources and labor for profit, prevalent in the late 19th century.
Colonial Holdings
Territories controlled by an imperial power for economic exploitation and strategic advantage, significant in global trade networks by the 1900s.
Spice Islands
A group of islands in Southeast Asia historical for their valuable spices, key to early European exploration and trade monopolies.
Egypt
A North African territory transformed into an export economy, primarily through cash crops like cotton, under British colonial influence in the 19th century.
Sudan
A region that became economically important for cash crops like cotton and was a focus of British imperial interest during colonial times.
Uganda
An East African territory where cash crops such as cotton were promoted under colonial rule, impacting local agricultural practices.
Kenya
An East African colony where British settlers established large farms, often displacing local populations and focusing on cash crop production.
Gold Coast
Modern-day Ghana, known for cocoa production, became a significant cash crop area under British colonial rule in West Africa.
Argentina
A South American country heavily invested in by Britain, becoming a major exporter of agricultural goods during the 19th century.
Treaty of Nanking
An 1842 agreement ending the First Opium War, forced China to cede territory and open ports for trade, impacting Sino-British relations.
Opium War
A conflict between Britain and China (1839-1842) over British opium trade, highlighting economic imperialism's consequences in East Asia.
Natural Resources
Materials found in nature that are exploited for economic gain, crucial during the industrialization period and economic imperialism.
Opium
A narcotic derived from poppies, became a lucrative trade item for Britain in China, leading to addiction and social issues in the 19th century.
Pampas
Fertile lowlands in Argentina, utilized for large-scale farming, particularly for cash crops, facilitating British investment and export economy.
East India Company
A British trading corporation established in 1600, played a central role in the colonial trade of textiles and opium in Asia.
Economic Imperialism
A system where foreign powers exert control over local economies for profit, often leading to exploitation and transformation of local agriculture.
Culture System
A Dutch colonial policy requiring Indonesian farmers to produce cash crops for export, significantly altering agricultural practices in the 19th century.
Corvée Labor
Unpaid labor imposed by colonial authorities on local populations, often forced into producing cash crops or working on infrastructure projects.
Spheres of Influence
Areas where foreign nations exert control over trade and resources, particularly evident in China during the late 19th century.
Cash Crop
An agricultural product grown primarily for sale and profit rather than for personal consumption, central to colonial economies in Africa and Asia.
Banana Republics
Politically unstable countries in Central America influenced or controlled by foreign corporations, particularly in the export of bananas.
Túpac Amaru II
Leader of 1780 revolt against Spanish rule in Peru.
José Rizal
Filipino nationalist executed in 1896, sparking independence movements.
Samory Touré
West African chieftain opposed French colonization; led resistance until 1898.
Muhammad Ahmad
Declared Mahdi in Sudan in 1881, led anti-British revolt.
Yaa Asantewaa
Warrior queen who led the Asante Empire's resistance against British in 1900.
Balkan Peninsula
Southeastern Europe region, home to nationalist movements against Ottoman Empire.
Philippines
Archipelago that transitioned from Spanish to American control after 1898.
Sokoto Caliphate
Major West African empire, established in 1804, known for trade and governance.
Sudan
Northeastern African region resisted British and Egyptian control in the late 19th century.
Asante Empire
West African kingdom that fought against British colonization in the 19th century.
Ghost Dance
Late 19th-century Native American ritual aimed at restoring indigenous culture and lands.
Indian Rebellion of 1857
Uprising against British rule in India, marking rise of Indian nationalism.
Philippine Revolution
Armed struggle for Philippine independence from Spain, beginning in 1896.
Maori Wars
Series of conflicts between British settlers and Maori in New Zealand during the 19th century.
Xhosa Cattle Killing Movement
1856 action by Xhosa to expel British settlers, resulting in famine.
Proclamation of 1763
British decree reserving land for Native Americans, ignored by settlers after independence.
Indian Removal Act
1830 law facilitating the relocation of Native Americans, notably the Cherokee, to Oklahoma.
Indian National Congress
Established in 1885 to advocate for Indian self-governance and rights under British rule.
Cherokee nation
Indigenous group in the U.S. that attempted cultural assimilation but faced displacement.
Aboriginal
Indigenous people of Australia, possessing a continuous culture for 50,000 years.
Maori
Indigenous Polynesian people of New Zealand, resisting British encroachment in the 19th century.
Xhosa
Indigenous people of southern Africa, engaged in resistance against British colonization.
Pan-Africanism
Movement promoting unity and solidarity among African nations and peoples.
sepoys
Indian soldiers employed by the British East India Company, pivotal in the 1857 rebellion.
Raj
British rule in India from 1858 until 1947, directly governed by British authorities
King Leopold II
Belgian monarch responsible for personal rule over the Congo, known for exploitation and brutality.
Cixi
Empress of China who supported anti-foreign movements, notably during the Boxer Rebellion.
Cape Colony
British territory in South Africa, initially seized from the Dutch during the Napoleonic Wars.
Congo Free State
Personal territory of King Leopold II marked by extreme exploitation and violence against indigenous populations.
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Flashcard (73)