Pediatrics (Exam 1) - Vaccines

Vaccines have reduced the number of vaccine-preventable illnesses by more than ___%

90

Immunity is given by way of administration of all or part of a microorganism (eg: toxoid)

active immunization

Administration of protective antibodies

•transplacental transfer of maternal antibodies

•preformed antibodies (Immunoglubin, Monoclonal antibody)

passive immunization

Premature babies should be given vaccines at the recommended chronological age, with the exception of ____________ vaccine being given at one month of age, instead of at birth if mom is negative for surface antigen

hep B

Babies of low birth weight should be at least ___lb ___oz to receive the Hepatitis B vaccine.

4, 6

Booster for N. meningitidis should be given at ___ years of age.

16

Vaccine Contraindications:

-_______________ to a particular vaccine previously

-________________ states

-Moderate to severe _________, with or without fever (fever >102F in the preceding 48 hours)

anaphylaxis, immunocompromised, illness

ANAPHYLAXIS TO ______ is NO LONGER a contraindication for flu or yellow fever vaccine, but _______ vaccine is not recommended

egg, live flu

CONTRAINDICATIONS TO LIVE-VIRUS VACCINES:

-Pregnancy

-Congenital ________________

-_______ infection

-Leukemia, lymphoma, cancer therapy

-Prolonged use of ______________

immunodeficiency, HIV, corticosteroids

CONTRAINDICATIONS TO ROTAVIRUS VACCINE:

-History of ____________

-Severe combined _____________ syndromes

intussusception, immunodeficiency

Hepatitis B 1st and last doses have to be given at least _____ weeks apart (minimum _____ weeks of age)

16, 24

Rotavirus vaccine has to be started by ____ weeks of age and completed by ___ months of age.

14, 8

MMR and varicella vaccines have to be given at or after ___ months to be valid in the US (at local schools) and should be given at the same time or at least ____ days apart.

12, 28

The last childhood dose of polio vaccine has to be given at or after the ____th birthday. MMR, Varicella, and tetanus are also due at this age but if given early may not have to be repeated.

4

Meningitis (Men ACYW) vaccine has to be given at /after age ___ years and at/after age ___ years.

11, 16

If started before age 14 years, HPV vaccination can be completed in _____ doses. If started after on or after the 14th birthday, ____ doses are required.

2, 3

Meningitis B vaccine has to be given at/after age ___ years.

16

_______ vaccines:

usually cause side effects within a day and go away in a few days.

inactivated

_______ vaccines:

(Rotavirus, MMR, Chickenpox) can cause side effects 1 to 4 weeks later, such as fever and a rash.

live

It is possible that use of medication may decrease _________ response, so it is not recommended to pre-medicate.

antibody

Use ONLY __________ for children under the age of 6 months. Over age 6 months, ________ can be used.

acetaminophen, ibuprofen

Use _______ compresses on any reactive area where the injection was given.

cool

Red Flag Vaccine Side Effects:

-Crying that can't be stopped for more than ___ hours

-Fever higher than _____°F (40.6°C)

-Seizures

-Very tired or unusually _______

3, 105, sleepy

Some combinations of vaccines may increase the risk of ___________, primarily in ages 12-18 months:

•MMR + varicella in a single injection

•PCV + flu administered at the same time

•MMR + PCV administered at the same time

febrile seizure

-A safe preservative that was used in vaccines to keep them from getting contaminated.

-Made with mercury

-It was removed from all vaccines for children in 2001

thimerosal

-used in vaccines to help the immune system work better so smaller doses of the vaccine can be given.

-found naturally in the air, food, formula, breast milk, and water.

aluminum

Babies who receive all the recommended vaccines in the first 6 months of life are exposed to about ___mg of aluminum, while _________ babies ingest about 10 mg, and babies on _________ may ingest between 38 mg and 120 mg, depending on the type

3, breastfed, formula