Unit 3: European Colonization Quiz Review Sheet

Columbian Exchange

The interexchange of plants, animals, cultures, and disease between the Old World and the New World.

Negative Consequences of the Columbian Exchange in Latin America

Disease spreading and killing Native People; Native plant and animal species dying off due to invasive species being introduced.

Positive Effects of the Columbian Exchange in Latin America

Introduction of new plants, animals, food, resources, and technology.

Christopher Columbus

Explorer who arrived in the Bahamas while trying to reach India, and explored the New World for Spain, leading to the colonization of Latin America.

Effects of Columbus' arrival to the Americas

Poor treatment of the Taino-Arawak Native Americans; Native people forced into slave labor; Spain began colonizing Latin America; Introduction of diseases to Latin America.

Columbus' perspective on the Taino-Arawak Native Americans

He thought they were innocent, could be used for labor, easily put under Spanish rule, and would give over resources easily.

King Ferdinand's perspective on the Taino-Arawak Native Americans

He demanded their conversion to Christianity, loyalty to Spain, and the surrender of all resources, with disobedience resulting in death.

Bartolomé de Las Casas' perspective on the Taino-Arawak Native Americans

He saw them as kind people who could be converted without force, loyal to their leaders, and advocated for the end of Native people's murders.

Colonization of Latin America

Split between Spain (West) and Portugal (East, including Brazil).

Use of new land in the Americas

Used for making money through plantations, mines, and the establishment of new towns and villages.

Plantations

Farms specializing in cash crops, often growing a single crop, used for producing resources like rice, beans, cacao, tobacco, coffee, and sugar cane.

Resources taken by Spain and Portugal from Latin America

Resources found in mines, including the largest silver mine in the Andes called Potosí.

Forced labor on plantations

Native Americans and slaves brought from Africa were forced to work on the plantations.

Conditions on plantations

Plantation slaves often faced physical and mental abuse.

"The Redemption of Ham" painting

Depicts the whitening of Brazilian society after the end of slavery, representing the colonial practice of blanqueamiento and the mixing of colonizer and colonized groups. Caused the issues we still have today; colorism and racism.

How did colonization impact Latin America - politically?

• Spain and Portugal now have control of the governments in Latin America 

• Aztecs, Inca, etc, no longer have control of their empires 

How did colonization impact Latin America - culturally?

European culture, music, food, and language are now mixing or taking over indigenous cultures

How did colonization impact Latin America - socially?

(colorism, and racism) Europeans are now at the top of society causing the mentioned issues