Unit 4: Political Patterns and Processes (copy)

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31 Terms

1

Country

An identifiable land area.

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2

Nation

A population with a single culture; also referred to as a culture group.

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3

State

A population under a single government, implying the presence of sovereign territory.

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4

Nation-state

A single culture under a single government, though none are truly composed of only one cultural group.

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5

Sovereignty

The status of a state being fully independent from outside control, holding territory, and recognized internationally.

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6

Multistate nation

A nation where a group of people sharing a common culture live across the borders of multiple states.

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7

Multi-national states

States made up of different nations represented by a multitude of culture groups.

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8

Nationalism

A sentiment derived from a culture group desiring political representation or independence, often used by politicians to unify groups.

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9

Stateless nations

Cultural groups that are not included in or allowed a share in the state political process.

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10

Federal states & confederations

Governing systems that provide military protection, foreign diplomacy, and regulate trade with multiple internal administrative services.

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11

Unitary system

A centralized government where ultimate authority lies with the central government.

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12

Microstates

Sovereign states that are very small in size yet hold the same standing as larger states.

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13

Autonomous regions

Certain sections of nations allowed to operate under freedom from central authority.

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14

Semi-autonomous regions

Regions that possess some freedom akin to autonomous regions but to a lesser degree.

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15

Supranationalism

The alliance of two or more sovereign states for a common purpose.

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16

Supranational organizations

Organizations formed for trade alliances, military cooperation, and diplomacy.

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17

Territoriality

The expression of political control over a designated space.

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18

Political boundaries

Definable and clear expressions of political control between states or regions.

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19

Expatriate populations

Citizens living outside the borders of their national state.

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20

Enclave

A minority culture group concentrated within a country dominated by a different, larger culture group.

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21

Exclave

A fragmented piece of sovereign territory that is separated by land from the main part of the state’s territory.

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22

Tyranny of the Map

The phenomenon where European-imposed boundaries in Africa do not correspond with cultural boundaries.

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23

Territorial Morphology

The shape of a country impacting its society and its relations with other countries.

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24

Compact

State morphology characterized by a shape without irregularity.

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25

Annexation

The process of adding territory through purchase or extension of territorial claims.

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26

Gerrymandering

The manipulation of electoral district boundaries to favor one political party.

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27

Marxism

A political-economic theory by Karl Marx aimed at creating a class-free society with equal wealth.

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28

Neocolonialism

A contemporary form of colonialism exerted through economic rather than political control.

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29

Geopolitics

The study of the global-scale relationships between sovereign states.

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30

Centrifugal forces

Factors that tear apart the social and political fabric of a state.

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31

Balkanization

The fragmentation of larger political entities into smaller, often hostile units.

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