final exam review

1. Which organ system contains the brain and spinal cord

   1. Urinary system

   2. Immune system

   3. Endocrine system

   4. Cardiovascular system

   5. Nervous system

nervous system

1. The _____ plane separates the body into anterior and posterior portions

   1. Transverse

   2. Frontal

   3. Sagittal

   4. Supine

   5. Prone

frontal

1. T/F the smallest living structure under the levels of human structure is the cell

   1. True

   2. False

true

1. The heart is ? to the chin

   1. Anterior

   2. Inferior

   3. Medial

   4. Proximal

   5. Superior

inferior

1. What method of anatomical study means to feel a structure?

   1. Inspection

   2. Auscultation

   3. Percussion

   4. Palpation

   5. Dissection

palpation

1. Which abdominal region is superior to the umbilical region?

   1. Lower left quadrant

   2. Inguinal region

   3. Epigastric region

   4. Lower right quadrant

   5. Hypogastric region

epigastric region

1. T/F “intraperitoneal” means the structure or organ lies outside of the peritoneum of the abdomen

   1. True

   2. False

False

1. Which of the following is the fluid of the cell

   1. Cholesterol

   2. Cytoplasm

   3. Phospholipids

   4. Inclusions

   5. Cytosol

Cytosol

1. T/F phospholipid “beads” are hydrophilic

   1. True

   2. False

true

1. The cell junction that allows for communication to occur between cell membranes is called a 

   1. Tight junction

   2. Desmosome

   3. Gap junction

   4. Hemidesmosome

gap junction

1. What is the smallest cell skeleton component

   1. Microfilaments

   2. Flagella

   3. Microtubules

   4. Intermediate filaments

   5. Microvilli

microfilaments

1. A _____ is an organelle that ____?

   1. Golgi apparatus; participants in mitosis

   2. Ribosome; assembles amino acids into proteins

   3. Mitochondria; break down proteins

   4. Lysosome; packages proteins

   5. Centrosome; makes ATP

ribosome; assembles amino acids into proteins

1. The phase of the cell cycle where DNA replication takes place is the ____ phase

   1. G0

   2. G1

   3. G2

   4. S

   5. Mitotic

s

1. In what phase of mitosis are the chromosomes aligned at the center of the cell

   1. Anaphase

   2. Prophase

   3. Cytokinesis

   4. Telophase

   5. Metaphase

metaphase

1. Which of the following is not a primary tissue classification?

   1. Nervous tissue

   2. Muscle tissue

   3. Connective tissue

   4. Epithelial tissue

   5. Osseous tissue

Osseous tissue

1. What type of epithelial tissue has cells that are in a single layer with cells that are thin (shaped like a fried egg)?

   1. Stratified squamous

   2. Simple squamous

   3. Simple columnar

   4. Stratified columnar

   5. Pseudostratified columnar

Simple squamous

1. Which of the following is a major component of nervous tissue?

   1. Glial cells

   2. Striations

   3. Adipocytes

   4. Keratin

   5. Leukocytes

Glial cells

1. What type of connective tissue binds epithelia to deeper tissue and is considered one classification of fascia?

   1. Dense irregular

   2. Reticular

   3. Cartilage

   4. Dense regular

   5. Areolar

areolar

1. T/F: mature chondrocytes are housed in openings called canaliculi

   1. True

   2. False

false

1. What type of muscle tissue is involuntarily controlled and contains intercalated discs?

   1. Fibrous

   2. Smooth

   3. Compact

   4. Cardiac

   5. Skeletal

cardiac

1. What type of glands secrete thin, watery fluids

   1. Mucous

   2. Fusiform

   3. Mixed

   4. Serous

Serous

1. What tissue repair and death term means scar tissue development

   1. Hyperplasia

   2. Fibrosis

   3. Apoptosis

   4. Differentiation

   5. Atrophy

Fibrosis

1. Which of the following is/are layers of the integument

   1. Dermis

   2. Epidermis

   3. Hypodermis

   4. A & B

   5. A, B and C

A & B

1. Which of the following is not a function of the skin

   1. Conduction of signals

   2. Sensation

   3. Thermoregulation

   4. Synthesis of vitamin D

   5. Water retention

conduction of signals

1. The ____ is deep to the stratum spinosum

   1. Stratum basale

   2. Stratum corneum

   3. Stratum granulosum

   4. Stratum lucidum

stratum basale

1. Which of the following is deep to the layer of the dermis

   1. Reticular

   2. Cartilage

   3. Papillary

   4. Dense regular

   5. Areolar

cartilage

1. The hair ____ surrounds the root of the hair

   1. Papilla eponychium

   2. Medulla

   3. Edge

   4. Follicle

Follicle

1. Which type of gland secretes sebum (oil)?

   1. Apocrine

   2. Sebaceous

   3. Holocrine

   4. Mammary

   5. Eccrine

Sebaceous

1. What type of burn is characterized by blisters and can be caused by scalds

   1. First degree

   2. Second degree

   3. Third degree

   4. Fourth degree

   5. None of the above

Second degree

1. Which structure connects bone to bone

   1. Osseous tissue

   2. Ligament

   3. Cerumen

   4. Tendon

Ligament

1. ____ are small open spaces where osteocytes reside

   1. Osteoblasts

   2. Lacunae

   3. Canaliculi

Lacunae

1. Which of the following is not considered a facial bone

   1. Zygomatic

   2. Nasal

   3. Parietal

   4. Maxilla

   5. Lacrimal

Parietal

1. Which cranial bone articulates (connects) with all the other cranial bones

   1. Frontal

   2. Maxilla

   3. Ethmoid

   4. Sphenoid

   5. Lacrimal

Sphenoid

1. Which bone is not part of the orbit of the eye

   1. Maxilla

   2. Palatine

   3. Ethmoid

   4. Occipital

   5. zygomatic

Occipital

1. Which part of the vertebral does the spinal cord run through

   1. Vertebral arch

   2. Spinous process

   3. Transverse process

   4. Body

   5. Vertebral foramen

Vertebral foramen

1. How many thoracic vertebrae are there in the spine

   1. 12

   2. 10

   3. 7

   4. 6

   5. 5

12

1. Which vertebrae contain bifid spinous processes

   1. Thoracic

   2. Cervical

   3. Lamina

   4. Lumbar

cervical

1. T/F the sacrum consists of 5 vertebrae fused together

   1. True

   2. False

true

1. What rib type does not articulate with the sternum at all

   1. Costal ribs

   2. False ribs

   3. Ventral ribs

   4. Floating ribs

   5. True ribs

Floating ribs

1. Which of the bones below does not belong to the appendicular skeleton

   1. Tibia

   2. Radius

   3. Sternum

   4. Scapula

sternum

1. What bone contains the acromion, glenoid cavity, and infraspinous fossa

   1. Scapula

   2. Patella

   3. Clavicle

   4. Fibularis

   5. Occipital

Scapula

1. The humerus articulates with the ___ of the scapula

   1. Lateral angle

   2. Supraspinous fossa

   3. Coracoid process

   4. Acromion

   5. Glenoid cavity

Glenoid cavity

1. The head of the ulna is at the ____ end of the bone

   1. Superior

   2. Distal

   3. Superficial

   4. Proximal

Distal

1. What carpal bone in the proximal row of the wrist is located on the lateral side

   1. Pisiform

   2. Hamate

   3. Trapezoid

   4. Capitate

   5. Scaphoid

Scaphoid

1. The _____ is known as the hip socket

   1. Ilium

   2. Greater sciatic notch

   3. Ischial spine

   4. Iliac crest

   5. Acetabulum

Acetabulum

1. T/F the annulus fibrosis is located in the central portion of an intervertebral disc

   1. True

   2. False

False

1. T/F the subpubic angle of the male is greater than 90 degrees

   1. True

   2. False

false

1. The greater trochanter of the femur is ____ to the head of the femur

   1. Deep

   2. Medial

   3. Superior

   4. Lateral

Lateral

1. Which bone articulates with the femur proximally and the talus distally

   1. Ulna

   2. Fibula

   3. Tibia

   4. Calcaneus

   5. None of the above

Tibia

1. Which tarsal (ankle) bone is anterior to the talus

   1. Cuboid

   2. Navicular

   3. Calcaneus

   4. Tibia

   5. Femur

Navicular

1. All muscle types are able to stretch without suffering damage because all muscle cells are

   1. Contractile

   2. Conductible

   3. Excitable

   4. Extensible

   5. Involuntary

Extensible

1. Which of the following is considered to be the “functional unit” of skeletal muscle fibers

   1. Sarcoplasmic reticulum

   2. Striations

   3. Z disc

   4. Myofilaments

   5. sarcomere

sarcomere

1. Which of the following is considered to be a myofibril regulatory protein

   1. Troponin

   2. Acetylcholine

   3. Myosin

   4. Actin

Troponin

1. Where in a sarcomere do actin and myosin overlap

   1. M line

   2. H band

   3. Z disc

   4. I band

   5. A band

A band

1. Which muscle tissue is voluntarily controlled

   1. Smooth muscle

   2. Visceral muscle

   3. Skeletal muscle

   4. Cardiac muscle

Skeletal muscle

1. What shape would you classify a muscle that is feather shaped

   1. Parallel

   2. Circular

   3. Triangular

   4. Pennate

   5. Fusiform

Pennate

1. Which of the following is a connective tissue sheath that surrounds an individual muscle fiber

   1. Perimysium

   2. Endomysium

   3. Epimysium

   4. Tendon

Endomysium

1. As it relates to muscles, what is an agonist

   1. A muscle that opposes the prime mover

   2. A muscle that aids the prime mover

   3.  A muscle that prevents a bone from moving

   4. A muscle that produces the most force during an action

   5. A muscle that stabilizes a joint during movement

A muscle that produces the most force during an action

1. Which muscle produces the chewing movements of the mandible

   1. Masseter

   2. Buccinator

   3. Orbicularis oris

   4. Levator anguli oris

   5. Depressor labii inferioris 

Masseter

1. Which muscle is the most important for pouting your lower lip

   1. Platysma

   2. Mentalis

   3. Zygomaticus major

   4. Masseter

   5. Orbicularis oculi

Mentalis

1. Which of the following muscles helps to form a frown (lowers sides of lips)

   1. Depressor labii inferioris

   2. Nasalis

   3. Zygomaticus major

   4. Platysma

   5. Levator labii superioris

Depressor labii inferioris

1. What occurs when the diaphragm contracts

   1. Inspiration

   2. Expiration 

Inspiration

1. Which abdominal muscle has superomedial pointing fibers

   1. Transversus abdominis

   2. External oblique

   3. Rectus abdominis

   4. Internal oblique

Internal oblique

1. While laying down on your back, which muscle would you use to sit up (flex vertebral column)

   1. Gluteus maximus

   2. Sternocleidomastoid

   3. Trapezius

   4. Erector spinae

   5. External oblique

External oblique

1. Which of the following muscles is not part of the rotator cuff

   1. Subclavius

   2. Infraspinatus

   3. Supraspinatus

   4. Teres minor

Subclavius

1. What is the action of the pronator teres and pronator quadratus

   1. To flex the elbow

   2. To turn the palm downward

   3. To rotate the palm downward

   4. To rotate the humerus laterally

   5. To turn the palm upward

   6. To depress the scapula

to turn the palm downward

1. T/F the extensor muscles of the wrist and digits attach to the lateral epicondyle of the humerus

   1. True

   2. False

true

1. Which of the following muscles is most involved in shoulder abduction

   1. Pectoralis major

   2. Levator scapulae

   3. Triceps brachii

   4. Deltoid

   5. Brachialis

Deltoid

1. T/F the biceps brachii flexes the elbow and shoulder and supinates the forearm

   1. True

   2. False

True

1. Which of the following muscles extends and abducts the thigh

   1. Iliopsoas

   2. Gluteus maximus

   3. Semitendinosus

   4. Vestus lateralis

   5. Gluteus medius

Gluteus maximus

1. Which of the following muscles flexes the knee

   1. Gluteus maximus 

   2. Iliopsoas

   3. Biceps femoris

   4. Soleus

   5. Rectus femoris

Biceps femoris

1. Which of the following muscles attaches to the calcaneus

   1. tibialis anterior

   2. Extensor digitorum longus

   3. Flexor pollicis longus

   4. Gastrocnemius

Gastrocnemius

1. Which of the following muscles is in the medial compartment of the thigh

   1. Vastus lateralis

   2. Soleus

   3. Pectineus

   4. Semimembranosus

   5. Iliacus

Pectineus

1. T/F the psoas major attaches to the iliac crest of the ilium

   1. True

   2. False

False

1. Neurons that have one axon and numerous dendrites are structurally classified as 

   1. Interneuron

   2. Bipolar

   3. Multipolar

   4. Axoaxonic

   5. Unipolar

Multipolar

1. What property of neurons allows them to respond to stimuli

   1. Conductivity

   2. Extensibility

   3. Excitability

   4. Secretion

Excitability

1. From superficial to deep, the meninges occur in which order

   1. Arachnoid, pia mater, dura mater

   2. Pia mater, arachnoid, dura mater

   3. Dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater

   4. Dura mater, pia mater, arachnoid

   5. Pia, dura, arachnoid

Dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater

1. Which glial cell myelinates axons to assist with conduction of impulse in the PNS

   1. Astrocyte

   2. Ependymal cells

   3. Oligodendrocyte

   4. Schwann cells

Schwann cells

1. The structure of nerves present after the spinal cord ends is called the

   1. Dorsal median sulcus

   2. Lumbosacral enlargement 

   3. Cauda equina

   4. Medullary cone

Cauda equina

1. What type of tract in the spinal cord carries information to the brain

   1. Decussating

   2. Descending

   3. Ascending

   4. Roaming

   5. Traversing 

Ascending

1. The diaphragm is innervated by which nerve

   1. Axillary nerve

   2. Accessory nerve

   3. Phrenic nerve

   4. Obturator nerve

   5. Olfactory nerve

Phrenic nerve

1. Which connective tissue structure forms a sheath around an entire nerve

   1. Nerve capsule 

   2. Epineurium

   3. Epimysium

   4. Endoneurium

Epineurium

1. The right and left cerebral hemispheres are joined mainly by which structure

   1. Associated tracts

   2. Thalamus

   3. Pons

   4. Corpus callosum

   5. Decussation

Corpus callosum

1. There are ____ pairs of spinal nerves

   1. 62

   2. 31

   3. 30

   4. 24

   5. 12

31

1. What structure does cerebrospinal fluid flow through as it passes from the lateral ventricles to the third ventricle

   1. Interventricular foramen

   2. Dural

   3. Corpus callosum

   4. Central canal

interventricular foramen

1. Which of the following is part of the diencephalon

   1. Corpus callosum

   2. Tectal plate

   3. Thalamus

   4. Pons

Thalamus

1. Which of the following is not a lobe of the cerebrum

   1. Parietal

   2. Temporal

   3. Insula

   4. Frontal

   5. Cerebellum

Cerebellum

1. Which part of the brain is most involved with emotion

   1. The limbic system

   2. Reticular formation

   3. The midbrain

   4. The epithalamus

   5. Basal nuclei

The limbic system

1. Which of the following makes up part of the brainstem

   1. Diencephalon

   2. Cerebellum

   3. Thalamus

   4. Midbrain

Midbrain

1. Which of the following is cranial nerve VII

   1. Abducens

   2. Oculomotor

   3. Facial

   4. Vagus

Facial

1. What would be the effect of damage to cranial nerve II

   1. Loss of hearing

   2. Loss of sensation from face

   3. Impaired sense of smell

   4. Sagging facial muscles

   5. Impaired vision

Impaired vision

1. Which of the following cranial nerves is both motor and sensory

   1. I olfactory

   2. IV trochlear

   3. VI abducens 

   4. XII hypoglossal

   5. IX glossopharyngeal

IX glossopharyngeal

1. T/F when you plantarflex, your foot points down at the ankle

   1. True

   2. False

True

1. This type of cartilaginous joint is bound by hyaline cartilage

   1. Synovial

   2. Synchondroses

   3. Syndesmoses

   4. Gomphosis

   5. Sutures

Synchondroses

1. Which action is occurring at the shoulders when a person shrugs and says “IDK”

   1. Elevation 

   2. Eversion

   3. Depression

   4. Opposition

   5. Adduction

Elevation

1. Radial and ulnar collateral ligaments restrict side to side movement of which joint

   1. The shoulder 

   2. Wrist

   3. Knee

   4. Elbow

   5. Ankle

Elbow

1. The ____ is part of the tibiofemoral joint

   1. Round ligament

   2. Anular ligament

   3. Posterior cruciate ligament

   4. Glenoid labrum

   5. Ischiofemoral ligament

Posterior cruciate ligament

1. T/F the knee is saddle joint

   1. True

   2. False

False

1. A spinal cord injury below T1 would likely result in

   1. Needing ventilation support

   2. Paraplegia

   3. Hemiplegia

   4. Shingles

   5. Quadriplegia

Paraplegia

1. T/F osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis

   1. True

   2. False

True