Biogeography

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Last updated 3:03 PM on 9/2/26
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18 Terms

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Biogeography

study of casual processes & current distribution of species

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Species Range

entire area over which a species occurs

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Factors that determine the range of a species!

  • evolutionary processes

  • geologic processes

  • ecology


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Endemism

restriction of a species

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Disjunction

a gap in the range of related species

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Palearctic

  • largest faunal region

  • Northern Old World (Russia ish)

  • 42 families, 0 endemics (except spalacinae/blind mole rat)

    • families shared with other faunal regions

  • Bering Land Bridge


<ul><li><p>largest faunal region</p></li><li><p>Northern Old World (Russia ish)</p></li><li><p>42 families, 0 endemics (except spalacinae/blind mole rat)</p><ul><li><p>families shared with other faunal regions </p></li></ul></li><li><p>Bering Land Bridge</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Nearctic

  • 37 families, 2 endemic

    • Pronghorn antelope

    • Mountain beaver

  • North America

  • tundra, forest, desert, grasslands


<ul><li><p>37 families, 2 endemic</p><ul><li><p>Pronghorn antelope</p></li><li><p>Mountain beaver</p></li></ul></li><li><p>North America</p></li><li><p>tundra, forest, desert, grasslands</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Neotropical

  • 50 families, 19 endemic

  • recent link to Nearctic

  • isolated/better & consistent climate to support endemism & adaptation

  • Amazonian rainforest

  • savanna & tropical scrub

  • giant anteater


<ul><li><p>50 families, 19 endemic</p></li><li><p>recent link to Nearctic </p></li><li><p>isolated/better &amp; consistent climate to support endemism &amp; adaptation</p></li><li><p>Amazonian rainforest</p></li><li><p>savanna &amp; tropical scrub </p></li><li><p>giant anteater </p></li></ul><p></p>
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Ethiopian

  • 52 families, 18 endemics

  • Madagascar

    • isolated tropical island

    • Sahara desert (in palearctic) reduced migration

  • 70% of families shared with oriental

    • mostly rodents & primates

    • aye aye

    • aardvark


<ul><li><p>52 families, 18 endemics</p></li><li><p>Madagascar</p><ul><li><p>isolated tropical island</p></li><li><p>Sahara desert (in palearctic) reduced migration</p></li></ul></li><li><p>70% of families shared with oriental</p><ul><li><p>mostly rodents &amp; primates </p></li><li><p>aye aye</p></li><li><p>aardvark</p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
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Oriental

  • 50 families, 5 endemic

  • consistent climate/tropical rainforest

  • hog nosed bats & tree shrews


<ul><li><p>50 families, 5 endemic</p></li><li><p>consistent climate/tropical rainforest</p></li><li><p>hog nosed bats &amp; tree shrews</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Australian

  • 28 families, 17 endemic

  • most isolated

  • all monotremes & bulk of marsupials

  • kangaroos


<ul><li><p>28 families, 17 endemic</p></li><li><p>most isolated</p></li><li><p>all monotremes &amp; bulk of marsupials</p></li><li><p>kangaroos</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Oceanic

  • includes remote islands

  • few native mammals

    • mostly bats & rodents

    • pacific white-sided dolphin


<ul><li><p>includes remote islands</p></li><li><p>few native mammals</p><ul><li><p>mostly bats &amp; rodents</p></li><li><p>pacific white-sided dolphin</p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
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Historical Biogeography

study oof changes in species ranges that have taken place over evolutionary time

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Evolutionary Processes

speciation, extinction, dispersal

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Geological Processes

continental drift, climate change

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Continental Drift

movement of land masses over geologic time

  • Plate Tectonics > rocky plates float on melted mantle rock


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Nunataks

little pockets

area of refugia, area swallowed by a glacier, almost like a peninsula

preserve biodiversity during periods of environmental change

<p>little pockets </p><p>area of refugia, area swallowed by a glacier, almost like a peninsula </p><p>preserve biodiversity during periods of environmental change</p>
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