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11 Terms
1
Purity
A substance which only contains one compound or element throughout-not mixed with anything else
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2
Testing for purity
Melt or boil substance and see if it matches up with the pure substance the closer the more pure
Impurities will increase the boiling point and lower the melting point
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3
Formulations
Useful mixtures with a precise purpose made by following a formula/recipe
Paints are formulations composed of :
Pigment- gives the paint colour e.g. titanium oxide is used as a pigment in white paint
Solvent- used to dissolve the other components and alter the viscosity
Binder (resin) - forms a film that holds the pigment in place after it’s been painted on
additives- added to further change the physical and chemical properties of the paint
Depending on the purpose of the paint these properties quantities can be changed
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Pharmaceutical industry
alteration of a the formulation of a pill can ensure the it delivers the drug to the right of the body at the correct concentration and that it is consumable and has a long enough shelf life.
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Formulations can be found in everyday life
Cleaning products , fuels , cosmetics , fertilisers , metal alloys , and even food and drink. The information on the product will usually tell you the ratio or percentage of all of the different components that make the formulation
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6
Paper Chromatography
Used to separate the substances in a mixture. You can use it to identify the substances. There are two phases in chromatography: The mobile phase- where the molecules can move. This is always a liquid or a gas and The Stationary phase- where the molecules can’t move. This can be a solid or a really thick liquid
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7
RF value
Ratio between the distance travelled by the dissolved substance and the distance travelled by the solvent.
\ Rf= __distance travelled by substance__
distance travelled by solvent
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8
Chlorine
Bleaches litmus paper white (may turn red first as it is acidic)
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9
Oxygen
Glowing splint inside a test tube containing oxygen it should relight the glowing splint
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Carbon Dioxide
Limewater \[calcium hydroxide (aq)\] turns cloudy in the presence of carbon dioxide
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11
Hydrogen
Lit splint makes a squeaky pop sound when in the presence of hydrogen
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