APUSH Time Period 7 Pt 1

Imperialism

having political, cultural, economic, or social control over a weaker country

Alfred T. Mahan

US naval officer who wrote book saying US must keep up with other nations that have global military power/presence

Hierarchy of Race

whites viewed as superior as part of Social Darwinist thinking

The White Man’s Burden

believed responsibility to Americanize/Christianize other places as part of Social Darwinist thinking

Closing American Frontier

manifest destiny fulfilled on continent so desire for that filled internationally

Cuba Libre

Cuba trying to gain independence from Spain in 1800s

The Spanish American War (1898)

US not prepared at first—Cuba becomes independent and ends with Treaty of Paris: Spain cedes Puerto Rico and Guam & US buys Phillipines

Theodore Roosevelt

Assistant Secretary of Navy in McKinley's admin—iimperialist and nationalist—resigns position to fight in Cuba as he thinks McKinley is weak

Rough Riders

groups Roosevelt led in Cuba to fight-his publishing on this lead to him being an American hero

Yellow Journalism

journalists would write stories about Cuba and purposefully sensationalize/exaggerate to sell newspapers

Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst

yellow journalists

Maine Incident

American warship blows up in Havana Harbor—yellow journalists blame Spain without confirmation

De Lome Letter

criticized McKinley as weak to keep in good terms with Jingoes of his party

Jingoism

extreme patriotism in the form of aggressive foreign policy

Dupuy de Lome

Spanish ambassador to US who wrote letter critical of McKinley

Platt Amendment

after war for independence this makes Cuba a protectorate under US

Philippines

attack on this country was ordered by Roosevelt behind McKinley’s back and now he has no choice but to take over them

Emilio Aguinaldo

thinks US will help Filipinos get independence so helps with battle at Manila, but later becomes dissident against US and led Filipino Uprising

William H Taft

first gov general of Philippines and US is forced to stop rebellion led by Aguinaldo under his authority

Sphere of Influence

countries US has influence over and they want to spread it

American Anti-Imperialist League

Mark Twain, Carnegie, Jennings Bryan among leaders who campaign against annexation of Philippines and other acts of US Imperialism

Puerto Rico

US aquires this territory in the Spanish American war through Foraker Act

Foraker Act

made Puerto Rico an unincorporated territory and made import duties on their goods

Hawaii

US business interests lead to uprising (with help of US marines) against Queen in this country so US can take over

Sanford B Dole

aided uprising in Hawaii due to his business interests there

Open Door Policy

gives all nations equal access to trade in China—guaranteed that China would not be taken over by any singular foreign power

Boxer Rebellion 1900

Chinese kill foreigners and Chinese Christians because they did not like foreign involvement in their country (reaction to Open Door Policy)

Election of 1900

McKinley vs Bryan again

-Teddy Roosevelt as VP bc of his rough riders popularity (leads to his presidency bc McKinley dies)

Roosevelt’s Corollary

addition to Monroe Doctrine saying US will use military in Latin America if there is any opposition

Big Stick Diplomacy

TR- US act as “constable of the world and use military power globally

Treaty of Portsmouth

ends Russo-Japanese War with TR’s help (threatens big stick diplomacy) ironic since TR wins Nobel Peace Prize for this

Gentlemen’s Agreement

limits Japanese influence/immigration in US

Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire

immigrant women die in factory fire-catalyst for progressive movement- working conditions and labor

17th amendment

direct election of senators

18th amendment

prohibition of alchohol

19th amendment

women’s suffrage

Upton Sinclair

wrote the Jungle to expose poor working conditions

Muckraker

journalists trying to uncover issues, corruption, and scandal during progressive era

Square deal

1. fight big businesses

2. regulate railroads/trustbusting

3. health guidelines for food industry

4. conserve national resources

Teddy Roosevelt

John Muir

influential environmentalist who wanted to PREserve the environment which contrasted to TR’s CONservation tactics

William H. Taft

President after TR—endorsed by TR but later opposing each other— bigger trustbuster

Dollar Diplomacy

Taft- US dollar becomes “Big Stick”—creating stability abroad helps US commercial interests

Election of 1912

Wilson vs TR

Taft and Debs also run

Bull Moose Party

Progressive party made up by TR in election of 1912

Wilson vs TR Presidential policies

Wilson:

-New Freedom

-Small enterprise

TR:

-New Nationalism

-Social welfare programs

-Gov regulate business

Clayton Anti Trust Act

Wilson exempts labor unions from being prosecuted as trusts (improves Sherman Anti Trust Act)

Moral Diplomacy

Wilson- ______ obligation for US to spread influence abroad/support democracy in West

Jones Act

signed by Woodrow Wilson to make the Philippines a territory