pysch unit 9

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32 Terms

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Attitude

feelings, based on our beliefs, that predispose our reactions to objects, events, and people

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Mere Exposure Effect

The more you are around someone, the more likely you will become fond of them

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Central Route to Persuasion

Offers logical evidence that aim to trigger favorable thoughts about an idea

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Peripheral Route to Persuasion

Causes people to respond to incidental cues that make them see an idea favorably

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Cognitive Dissonance Theory

Stats that when there is a disagreement between what we do and what we believe we change our attitudes to reduce tension

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Foot in the Door

When someone starts with a small request and builds to a larger request

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Door in the Face

Refusing a large request (“door slam”)

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Norms of Reciprocity

the social standard that people who help others will receive equivalent benefits from them in return

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Attribution Theory

about the processes by which people ascribe motives to their own and others’ behavior, and particularly whether these motives are either internal and personal

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Self-Fulfilling Prophesy

the physical outcome of a situation being influenced by our thinking, either positively or negatively

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Fundamental Attribution Error

that we estimate the traits of a person based on the situation

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Collective Culture

a community that prioritizes the group over the individual

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Individual Culture

a community that prioritizes the individual over the collective group

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False-Consensus Effect

the tendency to assume that one’s own opinions, beliefs, attributes, or behaviors are more widely shared than is actually the case

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Self-Serving Bias

the tendency people have to seek out information and use it in ways that advance their self-interest

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Just-World Bias

the tendency to believe that the world is just and that people get what they deserve

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Prejudice

bias that devalues people because of their perceived membership of a social group

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Discrimination

the unfair or prejudicial treatment of people and groups based on characteristics such as race, gender, age, or sexual orientation

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Scapegoat

the tendency to blame someone else for one's own problems

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Out of Group Bias

the tendency to assume that the members of other groups are very similar to each other

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In Group Bias

the tendency to favor one's own group over other groups

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Bystander Effect

We are less likely to help when others are around

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Diffusion of Responsibility

a person is less likely to take responsibility for action or inaction when other bystanders or witnesses are present

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Social Facilitation

more likely to perform better on small tasks when others are around

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Conformity

when you change your behavior to fit into a group

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Obedience

when one obeys an authority figure’s orders, despite not necessarily agreeing with them

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Norms

the rules of a group of people that mark out what is appropriate, allowed, required, or forbidden for various members in different situations

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Group Polarization

a majority opinion strengthens the more you discuss it

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Groupthink

the desire for harmony sometimes leads us to make quick decisions without considering the alternatives (when working in groups)

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Deindividuation

in big, especially anonymous groups, lose self-awareness and self-restraint, acting out irresponsibly

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Social Script

a set of actions that are previously expected by an individual in certain circumstances or contexts

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Halo Effect

the tendency to allow one specific trait or our overall impression of a person, company or product to positively influence our judgment of their other related traits