pysch unit 9

Attitude

feelings, based on our beliefs, that predispose our reactions to objects, events, and people

Mere Exposure Effect

The more you are around someone, the more likely you will become fond of them

Central Route to Persuasion

Offers logical evidence that aim to trigger favorable thoughts about an idea

Peripheral Route to Persuasion

Causes people to respond to incidental cues that make them see an idea favorably

Cognitive Dissonance Theory

Stats that when there is a disagreement between what we do and what we believe we change our attitudes to reduce tension

Foot in the Door

When someone starts with a small request and builds to a larger request

Door in the Face

Refusing a large request (“door slam”)

Norms of Reciprocity

the social standard that people who help others will receive equivalent benefits from them in return

Attribution Theory

about the processes by which people ascribe motives to their own and others’ behavior, and particularly whether these motives are either internal and personal

Self-Fulfilling Prophesy

the physical outcome of a situation being influenced by our thinking, either positively or negatively

Fundamental Attribution Error

that we estimate the traits of a person based on the situation

Collective Culture

a community that prioritizes the group over the individual

Individual Culture

a community that prioritizes the individual over the collective group

False-Consensus Effect

the tendency to assume that one’s own opinions, beliefs, attributes, or behaviors are more widely shared than is actually the case

Self-Serving Bias

the tendency people have to seek out information and use it in ways that advance their self-interest

Just-World Bias

the tendency to believe that the world is just and that people get what they deserve

Prejudice

bias that devalues people because of their perceived membership of a social group

Discrimination

the unfair or prejudicial treatment of people and groups based on characteristics such as race, gender, age, or sexual orientation

Scapegoat

the tendency to blame someone else for one's own problems

Out of Group Bias

the tendency to assume that the members of other groups are very similar to each other

In Group Bias

the tendency to favor one's own group over other groups

Bystander Effect

We are less likely to help when others are around

Diffusion of Responsibility

a person is less likely to take responsibility for action or inaction when other bystanders or witnesses are present

Social Facilitation

more likely to perform better on small tasks when others are around

Conformity

when you change your behavior to fit into a group

Obedience

when one obeys an authority figure’s orders, despite not necessarily agreeing with them

Norms

the rules of a group of people that mark out what is appropriate, allowed, required, or forbidden for various members in different situations

Group Polarization

a majority opinion strengthens the more you discuss it

Groupthink

the desire for harmony sometimes leads us to make quick decisions without considering the alternatives (when working in groups)

Deindividuation

in big, especially anonymous groups, lose self-awareness and self-restraint, acting out irresponsibly

Social Script

a set of actions that are previously expected by an individual in certain circumstances or contexts

Halo Effect

the tendency to allow one specific trait or our overall impression of a person, company or product to positively influence our judgment of their other related traits