Lecture 14: Animal Reproduction

What is sexual reproduction?

with sperm and egg, and goes through mitosis + fertilization

What is asexual reproduction?

no fusion of sperm and egg, goes through mitosis

What is fertilization?

where an egg and sperm form to create a zygote. There is two types of fertilization: internal and external.

What is budding?

grows off the parent

What is fission?

the parent splits into half

What is fragmentation?

when the parent breaks into multiple pieces and can grow into a complete organism

What is parthenogensis?

when an unfertilized egg from meiosis develops.

What is seperate sexes?

1 female and 1 males

What is sex reversal?

where a species can be male and then later on will change into a female. Examples clownfish

What is hermaphorditism?

1 individual produces both types of gametes and common in sessile animals

What is internal fertilization?

when a male deposits sperm inside or near the female reproductive tract. This protects gametes from dry conditions

What is external fertilization?

when a female deposits egg outside the body and the male fertilizes it

What is spawning?

when male and female both deposit gametes into water at the same.

What are hormones?

chemicals released from one organ system that communicate to other systems in the same individual

What are phermones?

chemicals released from one individual that affect its physiology and behavior of a different individual of the same species

What is the structure of sperm?

has a plasma membrane that surrounds it, has a tail, midpiece, mitochondria, head, nucleus, and acrosome

What are the 4 stages of embryonic development? (Note: the words that are capitalized means it is the actual stage. I am showing all stages of development)

fertilization —> ZYGOTE —> cleavage —> BLASTULA —> gastrulation —> GASTRULA —> organogenesis —> ORGAN