Engagement in HCI: Conception, Theory and Measurement

Flashcards reviewing key concepts from the article 'Engagement in HCI: Conception, Theory and Measurement' by Kevin Doherty and Gavin Doherty.

Engagement

A major theme of research within Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) and related fields that poses challenges for researchers and designers.

Engagement (Sidner et al.'s definition)

The process by which two (or more) participants establish, maintain and end their perceived connection, including initial contact, negotiating a collaboration, checking that others are still taking part, evaluating whether to stay involved, and deciding when to end the connection.

Engagement (Quesenbury's definition)

The degree to which the tone and style of the interface makes the product pleasant or satisfying to use.

Engagement (O'Brien and Toms' definition)

A quality of user experiences with technology that is characterized by challenge, aesthetic and sensory appeal, feedback, novelty, interactivity, perceived control and time, awareness, motivation, interest, and affect.

Student engagement (Zyngier's definition)

A mix of behavioral (persistence and participation), emotional (interest, value and valence), and cognitive (motivation, effort and strategy) components.

Pleasures of Immersion

When one is completely absorbed within the ebb and flow of a familiar narrative schema.

Pleasures of Engagement

Comes from our ability to recognize a work’s overturning or conjoining conflicting schemas from a perspective outside the text, our perspective removed from any single schema.

Engagement (Dobrian et al.'s definition)

A reflection of user involvement and interaction.

Engagement (Jaimes et al.'s definition in social media)

The phenomena of being captivated and motivated; can be measured in terms of a single interactive session or a more long-term relationship with the social platform across multiple interactions.

Engagement (Laurel's definition)

The (emotional) state of mind the user must attain to enjoy the representation, that is, a willing suspension of disbelief.

Narrative Engagement

Narrative understanding, attentional focus, emotional engagement, and narrative presence.

Micro Theories of Engagement

Frameworks that focus primarily on engagement and tend to construe engagement in terms of the nature and distribution of conscious focus.

Macro Theories of Engagement

Frameworks that tend to support higher-level analysis, reflecting aggregate, socio-structural, and temporal factors.

Flow State

A state of optimal and enjoyable experience characterized by a tractable challenge, immersion, control, freedom, clarity, immediate feedback, temporal insensitivity, and changes in one’s sense of identity.

Behavioural engagement

Action and participation, interpreted as promising more objective measurement.

Trait-based engagement

A stable characteristic of persons or systems, a propensity to engage or be engaged.

State-based engagement

A variable state, ascribed to the user, a system, or to interaction itself.

Process-based engagement

The analysis of change over time and between interactions.

Subjectivity-oriented measures

Includes observation, questionnaires, interviews, and other forms of self-report.

Objectivity-oriented measures

Attempt to infer engagement without recourse to direct questioning or human involvement, including behavior logging, psychophysiological measures, audio, and visual analysis.

Usable interaction

Systems that satisfy the basic needs of use, are easy to use, reliable, learnable, and result in the effective use of users’ time and resources.

Engagement as a Measure of Interaction

Measure of interaction that reflects both user and system performance leading to adoption as a means of 'managing' interaction, through real-time adaptation to the user.

Immersion

Focuses on the users deep psychological absorption in experience through interaction.

Affect

The experience of emotion, composed of the dimensions of valence and arousal.

Engagement Inspired by Fun

Not only utilitarian but also as driven by enjoyment, gamification, escapism, and fun.

Engagement as Exploration

Extends to the engagement of additional senses, actions, and feelings.

Richness of an Interactive Experience

The diversity and evolution of its affordances and content and the control provided to the user.

Social Connectedness

Some of the strongest motivations to engage with technology.

Engagement as Repeated Use

Technologies designed to support active rather than passive users.

Conversational Engagement

Backward-looking refers to grounding behaviours, and forward-looking refers to users’ need to be connected and aware in the interaction.

Information Visualization Engagement

A trade-off between efficiency and beneficial obstructions that promote active processing

School engagement

malleable, responsive to contextual features, amenable to environmental change and as a ‘meta’ construct

wellbeing Engagement

a kind of mindfulness requiring cognitive effort and deep processing of new information