The Origins of Rome - Lecture 13

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts from Lecture 13: The Origins of Rome, focusing on important terms related to the Regal Period, Roman Republic, social structures, and cultural influences.

Regal Period

The period in Roman history from 753 BCE to 509 BCE during which Rome was ruled by kings.

Roman Republic

The period from 509 BCE to 31 BCE, characterized by a system of elected officials and a complex structure of governance.

Etruscans

An ancient civilization from Etruria (modern Tuscany), influencing early Roman culture and language.

plebeians

The general population of ancient Rome, distinct from the patricians, comprising farmers, traders, and common citizens.

patricians

The aristocratic ruling class in ancient Rome, believed to be descendants of the original founders of Rome.

toga praetexta

A ceremonial garment worn by Roman magistrates and freeborn boys, indicating higher social status.

sella curulis

A special chair of state indicating the power of certain magistrates in ancient Rome.

fasces

A bundle of wooden rods with an axe, symbolizing authority and power in ancient Rome.

pax Romana

The long period of relative peace and stability experienced by the Roman Empire, starting with Augustus.

Cincinnatus

A Roman statesman known for his civic virtue, who served as a dictator and is an exemplar of Roman morality.

Senatus Consultum Ultimum

A decree of the Roman Senate which asserted emergency powers during times of crisis.

novus homo

A term used to describe a new man in Roman politics, particularly someone who became important without noble ancestry.

Lex Hortensia

A law passed in 287 BCE that made plebiscites applicable to all Romans, not just plebeians.

Ataraxia

A state of serene calmness or peace of mind, a central tenet in Epicurean philosophy.

mos maiorum

The traditional customs and values of the ancestors in Roman society.

patria potestas

The legal authority that the head of a Roman family had over all family members.

imperium

The legal authority given to certain magistrates in ancient Rome, involving command and control over governance and military.