HPS Atoms, Bonding, and Chemical Reactions (Unit 6)

Atomic models in order

Dalton, Thompson, Rutherford, Bohr, Electron Cloud Model

Democritus / Leucippus discovered

Atoms are the building blocks to life

Aristotle discovered

Matter (earth, fire, water, wind)

The side of the periodic table are the metals on

Left

Conductivity

The measure of the ease at which an electric charge or heat can pass through a material

How a cation forms and what it does to the atom

Loses electrons and makes element positive

How an anion forms and what it does to the atom

Gains electrons and makes element negative

Melleability

The ability of a material to be beaten into thin sheets without breaking

Luster

The appearance of a fresh surface of a mineral in reflected light

Mendeleev

Created periodic table

Valence electrons

The outer ring of electrons in the electron cloud

Where the charge / oxidation state can be found

The columns (+1, +2 skip a few, +3, +/- 4, -3, -2, -1, 0)

The way the period go

Horizontal rows

The way the families go

Vertical columns

Electronegativity

A chemical property that describes the tendency of an atom or a functional group to attract electrons toward itself

Atomic radius

The total distance from an atom's nucleus to the outermost orbital of electron

The way atomic radius goes

Top left to bottom right

The way covalent compounds are formed

A nonmetal with a nonmetal

The Lewis Structure

Showing how atoms gain/lose electrons

Metals

Shinny, ductile, malleable, and good conductors

Nonmetals

Brittle and poor conductors

Metals at room temperature

solid

Nonmetals at room temperature

gas

Metal’s melting point

High melting point

Nonmetal’s melting point

Low melting point

Metal’s solubility

Very soluble

Nonmetals solubility

Not very soluble

Balanced equation

2CO + 4T = 2CT^2 + 2O

Synthesis

A + B = AB

Decomposition

AB = A + B

Single Replacement

A + BC = AC + B

Double Replacement

AB + CD = AD + BC

Combustion

CxHy + 02 = H2O + CO2

Polar Bond

when electrons in a covalent bond are shared equally

Ways to Speed Up a Chemical Reaction

Increase surface area, increase temperature, increase concentration, and add catalyst

Ways to Slow Down a Chemical Reaction

Decrease surface area, decrease temperature, decrease concentration, and inhibitor