aviation weather test 3

air mass

a large body of air with uniform temp and humidity

arctic(a)

deep cold air mass

polar(p)

shallow cool to cold air mass

tropical(t)

warm to hot air mass

continenal ( c)

dry air mass, develops over land

maritime (m)

moist air mass develops over water

what is cP

cold dry

what is ca

cold dry

what is ct

hot dry

what is mt

warm moist

what is mp

cool moist

warm front

a body of warm mass of air advances and replaces a body of cold air

cold front

cold dense air advances and replaces a body of warm air

sqaull line

showers and thunderstorms

stationary front

fron moving very slowley and battling it out

when two fronts merge its makes an

occuluded front

warm occlusion

the coldest air is ahead of the warm front

all cyclones start as a

stationary front

a wave cyclone is a

low pressure circulation that forms and moves along a front

dry line

low level boundary hundreds of miles long

clouds form due to

water vapor rising

dry adiabatic lapse rate

3c per 1000 ft

saturated adiabatic lapse rate

1c per 1000 ft

rate at which dry air decreases as it rises

dry adiabatic lapse rate

rate at which air cools as it rises(wet air)

saturated adiabatic lapse rate

relative humidity is dependent on

air temp

dew point — as it goes up in the atmosphere

decreases

dew lapse rate

0.5c per 1000 feet

high pressure sinking, compressing and warming leads to

clear skies and less rain

low pressure rising, expanding leads to

clouds and rain

frontal lift

warm air rises over cool air and vises versa which is called overrunning

cumulonimbus and nimbostratus make

rain

cirr

high level above 6000m

alto

mid btwn 2000-6000

the rest of the clouds besides alto and cirr

below 2000m to 0

precipitation

forms of water particles

ingredients for precipitation

water vapor, sufficient lift, growth

the smaller the water droplets

the faster the evaporation

collision coalesce

droplets of different sizes collide and stick together to form larger droplets, once they become to large they fall to the gorund as rain

when the temp and dew point are the same its called

lifting condensation level

both super cooled water droplets and ice crystals are made (occurs in colder clouds and enviorments)

ice crystal process

for — to occur the temp needs to be below frezzing 0c/32f

snow

rain occrs when

all layers of the atmosphere form a cloud base to the surface are above freezing

strong updratfs, large, supercooled liquid water, large cloud sizes

thunderstorm

pilots should anticipate hail with

thunderstorms

amount of energy back scattered by precipitation, also known as

reflectivity

amount of energy turned after striking a target

back scattered energy

radar beams do not travel in straight lines the travel in

bent lines

a narrow band of intense weather

dead zone

relatively continuous

stratiform precipitation

convective(instense) precipitation

echoes tend to form as lines

what cloud is this

startocumulus

draw an wind barb mostly cloudy at 270c 65 knots

do it on paper (look at example)

How do you find LCL

dry adiabatic lapse rate and dew point lapse rate until they match

what cloud is this

altocumulus

what cloud is this

altostratus

what cloud is this

altocumulus

what cloud is this

cirrostratus

what cloud is this

cirrus

what cloud is this

cumulonimbus

what cloud is this

cumulus

what cloud is that

nimbostratus

what cloud is this

stratus

beam blockage

occurs when radar beam is blocked by terrain

ground clutters

radar echos returns from trees

angels

echos caused by physical phenomenon(bats,birds,insects)