Lab 1, 2, 3, 5 and 6 (action and nerve supply), Upper Limb 1

M.Pectoralis major

• Medial rotation, adduction and flexion of shoulder (glenohumeral) joint

• Medial pectoral nerve

• Lateral pectoral nerve

M.Pectoralis minor

• Depress tip of shoulder

• Protract scapular

• Medial pectoral nerve

M.Biceps brachii (short, long head)

• Flexion and supination of forearm at elbow joint

• Accessory flexor of the arm at glenohumeral joint

• Musculocutaneous nerve

M. Coracobrachialis

• Flexion of arm at glenohumeral joint

• Adducts arm

• Musculocutaneous nerve

M.Serratus anterior

• Protraction and rotation of scapula

• Long thoracic nerve

M.Teres major

• Medial rotation and extension of the arm at the glenohumeral joint

• Stabilisation of the glenohumeral joint

• Lower/Inferior subscapular nerve

M.Latissimus dorsi

• Extension, adduction, and medial rotation of the arm at the glenohumeral joint

• Thoracodorsal nerve

M.Teres Minor

• Rotator cuff muscle

  • lateral rotation of arm at the glenohumeral joint

  • Stabilisation of glenohumeral joint

• Axillary nerve

M.Trapezius

• Powerful elevator of the scapula

• Assists in rotating the scapula during abduction of humerus above horizontal

  • Upper fibers elevate

  • Middle fibers adduct

  • Lower fibers depress scapula

• Motor: Accessory nerve (CN XI)

• Sensory: Anterior rami of C3 and C4

M.Levator scapulae

• Elevate scapula

• Dorsalscapular nerve and direct branches from C3-4

M.Rhomboid major

• Retracts (adducts) and elevates scapula

• Dorsal scapular nerve

M.Rhomboid minor

• Retracts (adducts) and elevates scapula

• Dorsal scapular nerve

M.External abdominal oblique

• Compress abdominal content

  • bend trunk to same side

  • turn anterior part of abdomen to opposite side

• Anterior rami of lower 6 thoracic spinal nerves

M.Internal abdominal oblique

• Compress abdominal content

  • Bend trunk to same side

  • Turn anterior part of abdomen to same side

• Anterior rami of lower 6 thoracic spinal nerves + L1

M.Transversus abdominis

• Compress abdominal content

• Anterior rami of lower 6 thoracic spinal nerves + L1

M. Rectus Abdominis

• Compress abdominal content

• Flex vertebral column

• Tense abdominal wall

• Anterior rami of lower 6 thoracic spinal nerves + L1

M.Platysma

• Depress mandible

• Facial nerve

M.Sternocleidomastoid

• Tilt head toward shoulder on same side

• Rotate head to turn face to opposite side

• Draw head forward

• CN 11 and anterior rami of C2 and C3

M.Subclavius

• Depress scapula

• Pull clavicle medially (stabilise sternoclavicular joint)

• Nerve to subclavius (from upper trunk)

M.Omohyoid

• Depress hyoid bone

• Anterior rami of C1 to C3 through the Ansa cervicalis

M.Deltoid

• Major abductor of arm

  • Clavicular fibers assist in flexing the arm

  • Posterior fibers assist in extending the arm

• Axillary nerve

M.Supraspinatus

• Rotator cuff muscle

  • Participates in abduction of the glenohumeral joint

  • Stabilisation of the glenohumeral joint

• Suprascapular nerve

M.Infraspinatus

• Rotator cuff muscle

  • Lateral rotation of arm at the glenohumeral joint

  • Stabilisation of glenohumeral joint

• Suprascapular nerve

M.Long head of triceps brachii

• Extension of the forearm at the elbow joint

• Accessory adductor and extensor of the arm at the glenohumeral joint

• Radial nerve

M.Subscapularis

• Rotator cuff muscle

  • Medial rotation of the arm at the glenohumeral joint

• Upper and lower subscapular nerves

M.Brachialis

• Powerful flexor of the forearm at the elbow joint

• Musculocutaneous nerve

  • Small contribution by the radial nerve to the lateral part of the muscle

M.Triceps brachii

• Extension of the forearm at the elbow joint

  • Long head can extend and adduct the arm at the shoulder joint

• Radial nerve