Action nerve supply 1-2

M.Pectoralis major

• Medial rotation, adduction and flexion of shoulder (glenohumeral) joint

• Medial pectoral nerve

• Lateral pectoral nerve

M.Pectoralis minor

• Depress tip of shoulder

• Protract scapular

• Medial pectoral nerve

M.Biceps brachii (short, long head)

• Flexion and supination of forearm at elbow joint

• Accessory flexor of the arm at glenohumeral joint

• Musculocutaneous nerve

M. Coracobrachialis

• Flexion of arm at glenohumeral joint

• Musculocutaneous nerve

M.Serratus anterior

• Protraction and rotation of scapula

• Long thoracic nerve

M.Teres major

• Medial rotation and extension of the arm at the glenohumeral joint

• Stabilisation of the glenohumeral joint

• Lower/Inferior subscapular nerve

M.Latissimus dorsi

• Extension, adduction, and medial rotation of the arm at the glenohumeral joint

• Thoracodorsal nerve

M.Teres Minor

• Rotator cuff muscle

  • lateral rotation of arm at the glenohumeral joint

  • Stabilisation of glenohumeral joint

• Axillary nerve

M.Trapezius

• Powerful elevator of the scapula

• Assists in rotating the scapula during abduction of humerus above horizontal

  • Upper fibers elevate

  • Middle fibers adduct

  • Lower fibers depress scapula

• Motor: Accessory nerve (CN XI)

• Sensory: Ventral rami of C3 and C4

M.Levator scapulae

• Elevate scapula

• Dorsalscapular nerve and direct branches from C3-4

M.Rhomboid major

• Retracts (adducts) and elevates scapula

• Dorsal scapular nerve

M.Rhomboid minor

• Retracts (adducts) and elevates scapula

• Dorsal scapular nerve

M.External abdominal oblique

• Compress abdominal content

  • bend trunk to same side

  • turn anterior part of abdomen to opposite side

• Anterior rami of lower 6 thoracic spinal nerves

M.Internal abdominal oblique

• Compress abdominal content

  • Bend trunk to same side

  • Turn anterior part of abdomen to same side

• Anterior rami of lower 6 thoracic spinal nerves + L1

M.Transversus abdominis

• Compress abdominal content

• Anterior rami of lower 6 thoracic spinal nerves + L1

M. Rectus Abdominis

• Compress abdominal content

• Flex vertebral column

• Tense abdominal wall

• Anterior rami of lower 6 thoracic spinal nerves + L1

M.Platysma

• Depress mandible

• Facial nerve

M.Sternocleidomastoid

• Tilt head toward shoulder on same side

• Rotate head to turn face to opposite side

• Draw head forward

• Both head: cervical flexion

• 1 head: cervical rotation

• CN 11 and anterior rami of C2 and C3 (C4)

M.Subclavius

• (Depress scapula)

• Pull tip of shoulder down

• Pull clavicle medially (stabilise sternoclavicular joint)

• Nerve to subclavius (from upper trunk)

M.Omohyoid

• Depress hyoid bone

• Anterior rami of C1 to C3 through the Ansa cervicalis

M.Deltoid

• Major abductor of arm

  • Clavicular fibers assist in flexing the arm

  • Posterior fibers assist in extending the arm

• Axillary nerve

M.Supraspinatus

• Rotator cuff muscle

  • Participates in abduction of the glenohumeral joint

  • Stabilisation of the glenohumeral joint

• Suprascapular nerve

M.Infraspinatus

• Rotator cuff muscle

  • Lateral rotation of arm at the glenohumeral joint

  • Stabilisation of glenohumeral joint

• Suprascapular nerve

M.Long head of triceps brachii

• Extension of the forearm at the elbow joint

• Accessory adductor and extensor of the arm at the glenohumeral joint

• Radial nerve

M.Subscapularis

• Rotator cuff muscle

  • Medial rotation of the arm at the glenohumeral joint

• Upper and lower subscapular nerves

M.Brachialis

• Powerful flexor of the forearm at the elbow joint

• Musculocutaneous nerve

  • Small contribution by the radial nerve to the lateral part of the muscle

M.Triceps brachii

• Extension of the forearm at the elbow joint

  • Long head can extend and adduct the arm at the shoulder joint

• Radial nerve

M.Palmaris Longus

• Flexes wrist joint

  • aponeurosis anchors skin of the hand

  • contraction of muscle resists shearing forces when gripping

• Median nerve

M.Pronator Teres

• Pronation

• Median nerve

M.Flexor carpi ulnaris

• Flex and adducts the wrist joint

• Ulnar nerve

M.Flexor carpi radialis

• Flexes and abducts the wrist

• Median nerve

M.Flexor digitorum superficialis

• Flexes proximal interphalangeal joints of the index, middle, ring, and little fingers

• Can also flex metacarpophalangeal joints of the same fingers and the wrist joint

• Median nerve

M.Flexor digitorum profundus

• Flexes distal interphalangeal joints of the index, middle, ring, and little fingers

• Can also flex metacarpophalangeal joints of the same fingers and the wrist joint

• Lateral half by median nerve (anterior interosseous nerve)

• Medial half by ulnar nerve

M.Flexor pollicis longus

• Flexes interphalangeal joint of the thumb

• Can also flex metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb

• Median nerve (anterior interosseous nerve)

M.Pronator quadratus

• Pronation

• Median nerve (anterior interosseous nerve)

M.Opponens pollicis

• Thenar muscles

• Medially rotates thumb

• Recurrent branch of median nerve

M.Abductor pollicis brevis

• Thenar muscles

• Abducts thumb at metacarpophalangeal joint

• Recurrent branch of median nerve

M.Flexor pollicis brevis

• Thenar muscles

• Flexes thumb at metacarpophalangeal joint

• Recurrent branch of median nerve

M.Adductor pollicis

• Adducts thumb

• Deep branch of ulnar nerve

M.Opponens digiti minimi

• Hypothenar muscles

• Laterally rotates metacarpal V

• Deep branch of ulnar nerve

M.Abductor digiti minimi

• Hypothenar muscles

• Abducts little finger at metacarpophalangeal joint

• Deep branch of ulnar nerve

M.Flexor digiti minimi brevis

• Hypothenar muscles

• Flexes little finger at metacarpophalangeal joint

• Deep branch of ulnar nerve

M.Dorsal Interossei (four muscles)

• Abduction of index, middle, and ring fingers at metacarpophalangeal joints

• Deep branch of ulnar nerve

M.Palmar interossei (three or four muscles)

• Adduction of the thumb, index, ring and little fingers at the metacarpophalangeal joints

• Deep branch of ulnar nerve

M.Lumbricals (four muscles)

• Flex metacarphophalangeal joints while extending interphalangeal joints

• Medial two by the deep branch of the ulnar nerve

• Lateral two by digital branches of the median nerve

• Originates at the tendons of flexor digitorum profundus

M.Supinator

• Supination

• Posterior interosseous nerve

M.Abductor pollicis longus

• Abducts carpometacarpal joint of thumb

• Accessory extensor of the thumb

• Posterior interosseous nerve

M.Extensor pollicis brevis

• Extends metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb

• Can also extend the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb

• Posterior interosseous nerve

M.Extensor pollicis longus

• Extends interphalangeal joint of the thumb

• Can also extend carpometacarpal and metacarpophalangeal joints of the thumb

• Posterior interosseous nerve

M. Extensor inidicis

• Extends index finger

• Posterior interosseous nerve

M.Brachioradialis

• Accessory flexor of elbow joint when forearm is midpronated

• Radial nerve before division into superficial and deep branches

M.Extensor carpi radialis longus

• Extends and abducts the wrist

• Radial nerve before division into superficial and deep branches

M.Extensor carpi radialis brevis

• Extends and abducts the wrist

• Deep branch of radial nerve before penetrating supinator muscle

M.Extensor digitorum

• extends the index, middle, ring and little fingers, can also extend the wrist

• Posterior interosseous nerve

M.Extensor digiti minimi

• Extends the little finger

• Posterior interosseous nerve

M.Extensor carpi ulnaris

• Extends and adducts the wrist

• Posterior interosseous nerve

M.Anconeus

• Abduction of the ulna in pronation (helps to stabilize it)

• Accessory extensor of the elbow joint

• Radial nerve (via branch to medial head of triceps brachii)