INR 2002: Concise Mid-Term Study Guide (Ch. 4-6)

These flashcards cover key concepts, definitions, and discussions from chapters 4 to 6 of the INR 2002 study guide, essential for exam preparation.

Realist Approach

Focuses on state power and security within an anarchic system.

Constructivist Approach

Emphasizes ideas, norms, and identities that shape the behavior of states.

Behaviorist Approach

Uses empirical data to find patterns in international relations.

Liberal Approach

Stresses the importance of institutions, interdependence, and cooperation among states.

Radical Approach

Highlights economic structures and class or imperial domination.

Marxist Domination Claim

Cultural exchange based on mutual benefit is not considered domination.

Advantage of System-Level Analysis

Captures structural forces like power distribution that shape state behavior.

Constructivist Change Levels

Change can occur at state identities/norms and international systemic level.

Mearsheimer on Post–Cold War

Argued that the end of bipolarity increases great-power competition and instability.

Paul Kennedy's Argument

A balance-of-power system produces the most stable international order.

Instability Factors in 19th Century

Breakdown of norms, secret alliances, rapid power shifts, hegemonic ambitions.

Bipolarity Stability Argument

Bipolarity simplifies choices and reduces uncertainty compared to multipolar systems.

Weakness of International-Level Analysis

Overlooks domestic and individual factors that are crucial to explanations.

Liberal Views on War

Liberals resist the notion that war is the only possible outcome of conflicts.

Neoliberal vs. Neorealist Agreement

Both agree on anarchic systems but disagree on the role of cooperation.

Goal of the NIEO

Sought to restructure the global economy for fairer trade and economic sovereignty.

International Institutions in Cold War

Often paralyzed by superpower rivalry, functioning as arenas of competition.

Realists on Polarity and Stability

Disagree on stability of multipolar versus bipolar systems.

Religious Fundamentalism Definition

Strict adherence to doctrines and political activism; examples include ISIS.

Lapps Ethnonationalist Status

Indigenous people seeking greater cultural and political rights, not separatists.

Failed State Definition

A state that has collapsed authority and cannot provide basic services.

Rational Decision-making Model Steps

Define goals, list alternatives, evaluate consequences, choose best option.

Bureaucratic Model Focus

Stresses routines and standard operating procedures shaping outcomes.

Power Combination Definition

States best exercise influence by combining hard power with soft power.

Organizational Process Model Intention

Emphasizes how standard operating procedures shape decisions.

Power Definition

The ability to influence outcomes and control resources.

Instrumental Marxist View

Sees the state as serving capitalist interests; a tool of the ruling class.

Structural Marxist View

Sees the state structured by systemic needs of capitalism.

Constructivist vs. Liberal View on Actors

Constructivists believe multiple actors shape state identity, unlike realists.

Shared Views of Liberals and Realists

Both see the state as central, disagree on power vs. domestic politics.

Sovereignty Definition

Supreme authority of a state to govern its territory independently.

Nation-State Definition

Combines defined territory with a shared national identity.

More Nations than States in 2013

Yes, more nations than recognized states existed in 2013.

Palestine's State Characterization

Partially recognized with some state-like attributes but lacking full sovereignty.

U.S. Elites and Public Preferences

Not always; elites may prioritize other factors over public opinion.

Chávez’s Bolivarian Mission Influence

Inspired leftist leaders in Latin America but not neoliberal ones.

Set of Integrated Images

An ideology or political culture.

Public Actions without Leaders

Mass mobilizations or spontaneous uprisings.

Enloe's Role of Women

Women are central to foreign policy's making and effects.

Palestinian Violence Example

Sometimes fits frustration-aggression, but overly simplistic.

Frustration-Aggression Application Problem

Models oversimplify political causes and ignore complex influences.

Shared Elite and Mass Tendencies

Both may show rally-round-the-flag patriotism during crises.

Evoked Set Definition

Familiar historical analogies used to interpret new events.

Track-Two Diplomacy Example

Armand Hammer's unofficial dialogue with Soviet leaders.

Perception of Control Definition

Belief by decision-makers that they can influence outcomes.

Cognitive Consistency Definition

Tendency to avoid contradictory evidence fitting existing beliefs.

Tony Blair's Leadership Style

Characterized as participatory/communicative with proactive traits.

Aung San Suu Kyi's Example

Pro-democracy leader turned controversial political figure.

Participatory Leader Definition

Seeks input and encourages broader participation in decision-making.

Hermann's Personality Traits

Traits include locus of control and need for affiliation; not specific policy preference.

Leaders' Role During Economic Crisis

Decisive leaders can implement rapid policy shifts to change a country's course.