skin assessment 2

macule

• Flat rash

• < 1cm diameter change in pigment

• Freckle, mole, measles, scarlet fever

primary lesions flat

patch

• > 1cm diameter pigment change

• Birthmark, vitiligo

primary lesions flat

papule

primary lesion raised

plaque

primary lesion raised

wheal

primary lesion raised

nodule

primary lesion raised solid

tumor

primary lesion raised solid

vesicles

primary lesion fluid filled

bulla

primary lesion fluid filled

pustule

primary lesion fluid filled

cyst

primary lesion fluid filled

ulcer

alterations

Excoriation

alterations

lichenification

• Thick, raised skin caused by long-term itching or scratching

• Chronic inflammation, psoriasis

secondary skin lesion

crust

• Thickened, dried exudate or fluid from dried-up pustules or vesicles

• Scab, eczema

secondary skin lesion

scale

• Compact flakes of desiccated skin from shedding of dead keratin cells

• Psoriasis, eczema

secondary skin lesion

fissure

• Linear crack with abrupt edges extending into dermis

• Cheilosis (corner mouth cracks), excessive dryness to hands or feet

secondary skin lesion

erosion

• Scooped out shallow depression in dermis only

• Moist without bleeding

• Varicella (chicken pox), Herpes simplex (cold sore)

secondary skin lesion

maculopapular

patterns and shapes

assessment

malignant lesion

pressure injuries

skin cancer

stage 1

stage 2

stage 3

stage 4

assessment and intervention

limited mobility

Hemiplegia, Paraplegia, Quadriplegia

infants, children adolescent

pregnant woman

aging adult

cultures and genetics

physical examination

subjective data

health history questions

questions for infants and children