civics chapter 1 test

arbitration

a third party is given the power to decide the outcome of the conflict

autocracy

type of government in which one person rules with absolute power

autocratic decision making

process when one person makes a decision for a group

basic needs

things people need for physical survival—food, shelter, and clothing

bias

showing a preference by displaying it in a positive or a negative way. can distort fact

common good

what will make most people safe secure and happy

conciliation

third party clearly defines both the points of agreement and the points of difference, must be resolved to end the conflict

consensual/collaborative decision making

process by which everyone in the group must agree before a decision is made

consensus

general agreement or opinon sought through discussion not a vote

consensus building

process when a group makes a decision only when everyone is in agreement

democracy

type of government in which citizens elect their government, usually by electing representatives

democratic decision making

process of a group decision is made by a majority vote

discrimination

unfavorable or prejudiced treatment of an individual or group based on race, sex, appearance, income, etc

human dignity

the feeling that one is respected and valued in a society

inequalities

to refer to the differences in our society where some people have more money, education, and other resources than other people. these differences may be the result of discrimination

mediation

third party helps both parties arrive at a solution to the conflict

negotiation

both parties discuss the issues and try to resolve difference, being careful to avoid negative language. usually both parties to give up some of their demands in order to reach a compromise

power

ability of an individual or group to get what it wants

psychological needs

things people needs for emotional reasons, like safety and security

society

community of people who share basic needs and wants

wants

goods or services that people desire but that are not necessary for survival

what is civics and why is it important to study for civics ?

civics refers to the study of the rights and duties of citizens and the functioning of government.

it is important bc…

it promotes informed citizenship and participation in democracy

helps indviduals understand their rights and responsibilites

encourages critical engagement w social issues

what does it mean for people to live in a community, and what are the implications of people living together?

means individuals interacting, sharing resources, and working towards common goals

implacited—> encourages collaboration for community development,

may lead to conflicts due to different interests and values,

fosters social cohesion and mutual support

what is common good

what will make most people safe secure and happy.

it encompasses the benefits or interests shared by all members of a community, emphasizes the importance of collective well-being over individual interests.

ex. clean water, education, and healthcare

what are the different ways of making decisions that involves many people that live together as a community?

methods like voting (majority rules in democractic processes)

consensus (all members agee on a decision)

deliberation (discussions to reach a collective decision)

delegation (empowering representatives to make decisions)

what is conflict and what are the sources of conflict

conflict is people disagreeing about want they want or need.

the sources of conflict are

differences in values beliefs or interests

competition for resources

miscommunication

how do you resolve conflict?

through democratic decision making—-

negotiation - disscuss and resolve issues for a mutually agreeable solution

mediation - third party helps them bring a soluation

arbitration - a third party is given power to decide the outcome

compromise - each party gives up something to reach a resolution

what is power/the uses/and sources

power is the ability for an indivuail or group to get whatever it wants. to control the behaviour of others

use power to achieve personal and shared goals and , enforcing laws ,mobilizing resources for societal needs

sources are authority,

resources (control over economic or social assets)

charmisa (personal influence and appel)

what is democracy and the sources

democracy is type of government in which citizens elect their government, usually by electing representatives.

organs emeraged in ancient greece in athens. emphasis on civic participation and governance by the people

elements of democracy

rule of law - everyone follows the same laws, no one is above it

human dignity, - citizens should protect and uphold the dignity of all ppl

political equality - all citizens have equal voting rights

policatal freedom - ppl can speak freely and form associations run for office without being intimidated

common good - citizens work for what benefits the majority

, respect, citizens must respect the right of others

personal freedom - ppl enjoy freedoms like religion and expression

being informed and getting involved - ppl should communicate and particplate in community issues

philosophical thoughts on government and democracy

according to thomas hobbes,

all people are born selfish and will only seek their own interests which leads to violence and war. thought that all people should be taught by obedience and enforced by a supreme leader to avoid chaois

hundred years later jean jacque roseau dissaagreed,

the natural state of humans are peace and harmony. he saw democracy as a reflection of our basic sense and equality.

are humans good or evil

innate goodness - some argue humans are born good and are corrupted by society

evil - others believe selfishness is inherent in human nature

blank state - some theorize that humans are shaped by their experiences

rosemary brown

the first Black woman ever elected to a provincial legislature in Canada She was also the first woman to run for the leadership of a federal policiatal party- the new democratic party

advocated for social justice gender equality and anti racism