rizzz

Great Depression

Caused by banking and business failures, this had unemployment rates as high as 50% in big cities. This is the reason why FDR beat Hoover in the Election of 1932. FDR's New Deal sought to end this.

FDR

32nd president, who beat Hoover in the Election of 1932. He started the New Deal and led America through the Depression and WWII.

1920s Immigration Laws

Started the quota system to close America's doors to immigrants. Shut out many immigrants, like South Eastern Europeans because they were seen as radicals.

1920s Race Issues

Nativist groups re-emerged and were against immigrants. The KKK grew because of a movie and a fear of radicals.

"Great Migration"

African Americans left the South to the North for more jobs. Jazz emerges from New Orleans because of this.

Philippines

After WWI, the US controlled these islands. In WWII, the US lost these islands to Japan, but regained them and gave them independence.

American Expeditionary Force

US Army force, led by General John Pershing, that was deployed to Europe in WWI. Entered the last year of the war because the US joined in late.

Unilateral Foreign Policy

US's decision to become neutral and isolationist. At the beginning of WWII, this prevented the US from joining the war, but they abandon this to help the Allies.

Axis Powers

Alliance between Germany, Italy, and Japan. Went against the Allies in WWII.

Closing of the Frontier

In 1890, the Census Bureau announced this. No more land in America was to be conquered. Bittersweet because America was unique because of this.

Island Hopping

Strategy to conquer islands on route to the final destination for more control. MacArthur led the Allies to Japan with this strategy.

Progressive Journalists and Reformers

People like Ida Tarbell, Upton Sinclair, and Lincoln Steffens were known as "Muckrakers" who exposed problems of the Gilded Age. They didn't offer solutions to those problems because that is the government's job.

New Deal

Plan by FDR to get America out of the Great Depression. Created jobs, recovered the economy, and reformed the bank and social security.

Fundamentalist Christianity v. Scientific Modernist

Faith vs. scientific knowledge. The Scopes Trial exhibited the tension in America for this.

Mexican Immigration

Mexicans were allowed to immigrate to America during WWII with the Bracero Program. Attacked by Americans (Zoot Suit Riots)

Freedom of speech restrictions

During WWI, this is limited, which is civil rights violation. The Sedition Act of 1918 forbade criticism of the American government, war effort, the American flag, etc.

Neutrality

To not take a side; stay unbiased. US did this at beginning of WWII, but broke this with the Lend-Lease Plan

Treaty of Versailles

Ended WWI; distributed land, disarmed countries, created the League of Nations. War Guilt Clause blamed Germany for the war.

Isolationism

To stay out and not participate. This was the US's foreign policy after WWI and during the Great Depression.

Preservationists

People who believe in leaving nature alone. Teddy Roosevelt appealed to these people by conserving land.

Holocaust

Systematic murder of 11 million people across Europe, more than half of whom were Jews. US turned down immigration of the people because they were concerned about letting in refugees during the Great Depression. The people who were turned down were brought back to concentration camps.

D-Day

Amphibious attack of Allies on Normandy, led by General Eisenhower. Opened up 2nd front in WWII, took pressure off of Russia.

Progressive Amendments

Reformed problems of the Gilded Age. Teddy Roosevelt make the government more powerful to control business and the economy.

Harlem Renaissance

Intellectual, social, and artistic explosion in New York in the 1920s. Expressed the pain, sorrow, and discrimination African Americans felt at this time.

Red Scare

Fear of radicalism after WWI in America. Caused strikes, violence, and the growth of the KKK.

Spanish-American War

Caused by the sinking of the USS Maine, Spanish atrocities in Cuba, and the influence of yellow journalism. Ended with the Treaty of Paris and America expanding their imperialist policy.

Woodrow Wilson

Democrat who was a Progressive leader. His New Freedom plan lowered tariffs, regulated trusts, and reformed the federal banking system.

League of Nations

Created by the Treaty of Versailles after WWI. Committee for international meetings. Wilson's idea was a failure because it couldn't enforce any laws.

Pearl Harbor

Japanese attack on American naval base on December 7, 1941. United the US and led to US restriction policies of the Japanese-Americans.

Conservationists

People who focused on using natural resources wisely. Teddy Roosevelt made this popular and planned to use resources wisely. He preserved national parks.

Japanese American Internment

Executive Order No. 9066 removed Japanese-Americans to camps, even if they were innocent. Violation of civil liberties after Pearl Harbor caused by paranoia.

Atomic Bombs

Nuclear weapons developed in WWII. The US developed them first from their Manhattan Project. The US used 2 of these to end the war with Japan. The use of them was controversial.