Chapter 27: Homework

A, B, D

Classify the given terms or examples with the appropriate category.

Essential Amino Acids

A. supplied by complete proteins

B. 9 out of 20

C. may be made in the body

D. must come from the diet

E. 11 out of 20

C, E

Classify the given terms or examples with the appropriate category.

Nonessential Amino Acids

A. supplied by complete proteins

B. 9 out of 20

C. may be made in the body

D. must come from the diet

E. 11 out of 20

A, C, F, G

Classify the given terms or examples with the appropriate category.

Positive Nitrogen Balance

A. nitrogen absorption > excretion

B. blood loss

C. during pregnancy

D. nitrogen excretion > absorption

E. malnutrition

F. growing individuals

G. injury recovery

B, D, E

Classify the given terms or examples with the appropriate category.

Negative Nitrogen Balance

A. nitrogen absorption > excretion

B. blood loss

C. during pregnancy

D. nitrogen excretion > absorption

E. malnutrition

F. growing individuals

G. injury recovery

B, C, D, F

Indicate the sources of complete protein from the items on the list.

A. Vegetables

B. Yogurt

C. Eggs

D. Milk

E. Grains

F. Cheese

C

Match the vitamin with its function in the body.

Necessary for absorption of calcium and phosphate

A. Niacin

B. Vitamin C

C. Vitamin D

D. Vitamin A

B

Match the vitamin with its function in the body.

Needed for collagen synthesis in connective tissues

A. Niacin

B. Vitamin C

C. Vitamin D

D. Vitamin A

A

Match the vitamin with its function in the body.

Part of NAD and NADP

A. Niacin

B. Vitamin C

C. Vitamin D

D. Vitamin A

D

Match the vitamin with its function in the body.

Constituent of visual pigment; strengthens epithelial membranes

A. Niacin

B. Vitamin C

C. Vitamin D

D. Vitamin A

A, D, F, G, H

Determine whether each item is classified as water-soluble or fat-soluble.

Water-soluble

A. vitamin C

B. vitamin E

C. alpha-tocopherol

D. niacin

E. retinol

F. pyridoxine

G. thiamine

H. folic acid

B, C, E

Determine whether each item is classified as water-soluble or fat-soluble.

Lipid-soluble

A. vitamin C

B. vitamin E

C. alpha-tocopherol

D. niacin

E. retinol

F. pyridoxine

G. thiamine

H. folic acid

A, C, D

Determine whether each statement or item pertains to vitamin C or the B vitamins.

Vitamin C

A. assists in the synthesis of the protein that binds oxygen

B. assists enzymes in allowing chemical reactions to occur

C. ascorbic acid

D. abundant in citrus fruits

E. abundant in red meat

B, E

Determine whether each statement or item pertains to vitamin C or the B vitamins.

Vitamin B

A. assists in the synthesis of the protein that binds oxygen

B. assists enzymes in allowing chemical reactions to occur

C. ascorbic acid

D. abundant in citrus fruits

E. abundant in red meat

B, D

Classify the given terms or examples with the appropriate category.

Iron

A. needed to produce thyroid hormone

B. found in hemoglobin

C. maintains resting membrane potential in excitable cells

D. binds to electrons in the electron transport chain

E. needed for the formation of the skeleton

F. require in action potential generation

G. used in blood clotting

E, G

Classify the given terms or examples with the appropriate category.

Calcium

A. needed to produce thyroid hormone

B. found in hemoglobin

C. maintains resting membrane potential in excitable cells

D. binds to electrons in the electron transport chain

E. needed for the formation of the skeleton

F. require in action potential generation

G. used in blood clotting

C, F

Classify the given terms or examples with the appropriate category.

Sodium

A. needed to produce thyroid hormone

B. found in hemoglobin

C. maintains resting membrane potential in excitable cells

D. binds to electrons in the electron transport chain

E. needed for the formation of the skeleton

F. require in action potential generation

G. used in blood clotting

A

Classify the given terms or examples with the appropriate category.

Iodine

A. needed to produce thyroid hormone

B. found in hemoglobin

C. maintains resting membrane potential in excitable cells

D. binds to electrons in the electron transport chain

E. needed for the formation of the skeleton

F. require in action potential generation

G. used in blood clotting

B

What function do many B vitamins serve in the production of energy?

A. They function as enzymes.

B. They function as coenzymes.

C. They function as energy sources.

D. They function as hypoenzymes.

A, B, C, D

Select all that are contained on a nutritional food label.

A. Serving size

B. Servings per container

C. Total fat

D. Ingredients

A, C, D, E

Determine whether the given action occurs during fed or fasting phases.

Fed (absorptive)-state

A. lipogenesis

B. cortisol secretion

C. glycogenesis

D. insulin secretion

E. satiety

F. glycogenolysis

G. glucagon secretion

H. hunger

B, F, G, H

Determine whether the given action occurs during fed or fasting phases.

Fasting (post-absorptive)-state

A. lipogenesis

B. cortisol secretion

C. glycogenesis

D. insulin secretion

E. satiety

F. glycogenolysis

G. glucagon secretion

H. hunger

A, G

Determine whether each statement pertains to carbohydrates, fats, or amino acids during the fed (absorptive) state.

carbohydrates

A. excess is absorbed by the liver

B. enters the lymphatic system as chylomicrons

C. some are deaminated and used for ATP synthesis

D. -NH2 is removed and the result if used for fatty acid synthesis

E. primary energy source for hepatocytes and muscle cells

F. become available to cells for protein synthesis

G. in excess, may be converted to glyogen

B, E

Determine whether each statement pertains to carbohydrates, fats, or amino acids during the fed (absorptive) state.

fats

A. excess is absorbed by the liver

B. enters the lymphatic system as chylomicrons

C. some are deaminated and used for ATP synthesis

D. -NH2 is removed and the result if used for fatty acid synthesis

E. primary energy source for hepatocytes and muscle cells

F. become available to cells for protein synthesis

G. in excess, may be converted to glyogen

C, D, F

Determine whether each statement pertains to carbohydrates, fats, or amino acids during the fed (absorptive) state.

amino acids

A. excess is absorbed by the liver

B. enters the lymphatic system as chylomicrons

C. some are deaminated and used for ATP synthesis

D. -NH2 is removed and the result if used for fatty acid synthesis

E. primary energy source for hepatocytes and muscle cells

F. become available to cells for protein synthesis

G. in excess, may be converted to glyogen

A, D

Classify the given terms or examples with the appropriate category of liver functions.

Protein metabolism

A. formation of albumin

B. lipogenesis

C. cholesterol synthesis

D. transamination

E. glycogenolysis

F. gluconeogenesis

G. lipolysis

H. beta-oxidation

B, C, G, H

Classify the given terms or examples with the appropriate category of liver functions.

Lipid metabolism

A. formation of albumin

B. lipogenesis

C. cholesterol synthesis

D. transamination

E. glycogenolysis

F. gluconeogenesis

G. lipolysis

H. beta-oxidation

E, F

Classify the given terms or examples with the appropriate category of liver functions.

Carbohydrate metabolism

A. formation of albumin

B. lipogenesis

C. cholesterol synthesis

D. transamination

E. glycogenolysis

F. gluconeogenesis

G. lipolysis

H. beta-oxidation

A, B, D

Select all that are liver functions.

A. Glycogenolysis

B. Synthesis of lipoproteins

C. Synthesis of osteoid

D. Deamination

D

Complete each sentence regarding protein catabolism. Not all terms will be used.

In order to use amino acids as fuel _______ must occur.

A. ATP

B. amination

C. ammonia

D. deamination

E. fructose

F. keto acid

G. pyruvic acid

H. glucose

F

Complete each sentence regarding protein catabolism. Not all terms will be used.

The deamination process results in the formation of a(n)_______.

A. ATP

B. amination

C. ammonia

D. deamination

E. fructose

F. keto acid

G. pyruvic acid

H. glucose

G

Complete each sentence regarding protein catabolism. Not all terms will be used.

Depending on which amino acid is involved in deamination, this can now be converted to _______, acetyl-CoA, or an acid of the citric acid cycle

A. ATP

B. amination

C. ammonia

D. deamination

E. fructose

F. keto acid

G. pyruvic acid

H. glucose

H

Complete each sentence regarding protein catabolism. Not all terms will be used.

Now the former amino acid is ready to be converted to _______ or enter the citric acid cycle for ATP formation.

A. ATP

B. amination

C. ammonia

D. deamination

E. fructose

F. keto acid

G. pyruvic acid

H. glucose

F

Complete the sentences with the terms provided. Not all terms will be used.

Stored ________ are broken into glycerol and fatty acids

A. Acetyl-CoA

B. beta-oxidation

C. citric acid cycle

D. electron transport chain

E. protein

F. triglycerides

B

Complete the sentences with the terms provided. Not all terms will be used.

Fatty acids go through ________

A. Acetyl-CoA

B. beta-oxidation

C. citric acid cycle

D. electron transport chain

E. protein

F. triglycerides

A

Complete the sentences with the terms provided. Not all terms will be used.

Once a fatty acid goes through beta oxidation, ________ is formed

A. Acetyl-CoA

B. beta-oxidation

C. citric acid cycle

D. electron transport chain

E. protein

F. triglycerides

C

Complete the sentences with the terms provided. Not all terms will be used.

After acetyl-CoA is formed from beta-oxidation, it enters the ________

A. Acetyl-CoA

B. beta-oxidation

C. citric acid cycle

D. electron transport chain

E. protein

F. triglycerides

B, C

Classify each item with the appropriate metabolic entry point. Some labels will be used more than once.

Glycolysis

A. Acetyl-CoA from fatty acids

B. Deaminated amino acids

C. Glycerol from fatty acids

A, B

Classify each item with the appropriate metabolic entry point. Some labels will be used more than once.

Citric Acid Cycle

A. Acetyl-CoA from fatty acids

B. Deaminated amino acids

C. Glycerol from fatty acids

B

Classify each item with the appropriate metabolic entry point. Some labels will be used more than once.

Intermediate Stage

A. Acetyl-CoA from fatty acids

B. Deaminated amino acids

C. Glycerol from fatty acids

D, E

Determine whether each scenario would raise or lower the total metabolic rate (TMR).

Increases the metabolic rate

A. apathy

B. hypothyroidism

C. aging

D. fighting a bacterial infection

E. breakfast

A, B, C

Determine whether each scenario would raise or lower the total metabolic rate (TMR).

Decreases the metabolic rate

A. apathy

B. hypothyroidism

C. aging

D. fighting a bacterial infection

E. breakfast

A, B, D

Determine whether each scenario would raise or lower the total metabolic rate (TMR).

Increases the total metabolic rate

A. pregnancy

B. hyperthyroidism

C. reduction in food intake

D. anxiety

E. hypothyroidism

F. depression

C, E, F

Determine whether each scenario would raise or lower the total metabolic rate (TMR).

Decreases the total metabolic rate

A. pregnancy

B. hyperthyroidism

C. reduction in food intake

D. anxiety

E. hypothyroidism

F. depression

B, C

Determine whether each scenario would raise or lower the total metabolic rate (TMR).

Increases the total metabolic rate

A. Increase in adrenal cortex function resulting in diminished glucose utilization

B. Increase in muscle mass

C. Epinephrine secretion

D. Low levels of TSH from the anterior pituitary gland

E. Hyperglycemia due to decreased insulin secretion

A, D, E

Determine whether each scenario would raise or lower the total metabolic rate (TMR).

Increases the total metabolic rate

A. Increase in adrenal cortex function resulting in diminished glucose utilization

B. Increase in muscle mass

C. Epinephrine secretion

D. Low levels of TSH from the anterior pituitary gland

E. Hyperglycemia due to decreased insulin secretion

A

The temperature of vital portions of the body ________ to assure that life is maintained.

A. is kept relatively constant

B. flucuates

A, B, D

Which of the following is a significant source of body heat?

Check All That Apply

A. Muscle contraction

B. Chemical reactions associated with cellular activity

C. Bone density

D. Hormone secretion by endocrine glands

E. Evaporation