microbiology review

Which of the following foods is NOT made by fermentation?

orange juice

Who is considered the "father of Western medicine"?

Hippocrates

Who was the first to observe "animalcules" under the microscope?

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

Who proposed that swamps might harbor tiny, disease-causing animals too small to see?

Marcus Terentius Varro

Which of the following was NOT a kingdom in Linnaeus's taxonomy?

protist

Which of the following is a correct usage of binomial nomenclature?

Homo sapiens

Which scientist proposed adding a kingdom for protists?

Ernst Haeckel

Which of the following is NOT a domain in Woese and Fox's phylogenetic tree?

plantae

Which of the following is the standard resource for identifying bacteria?

Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology

Which of the following types of microorganisms is photosynthetic?

alga

Which of the following is a prokaryotic microorganism?

cyanobacterium

Which of the following is acellular?

virus

Which of the following is a type of fungal microorganism?

yeast

Which of the following is not a subfield of microbiology?

botany

Which of the following has the highest energy?

light with a short wavelength

You place a specimen under the microscope and notice that parts of the specimen begin to emit light immediately. These materials can be described as _.

fluorescent

Who was the first to describe "cells" in dead cork tissue?

robert hooke

Who is the probable inventor of the compound microscope?

Zaccharias Janssen

Which would be the best choice for viewing internal structures of a living protist such as a Paramecium?

darkfield microscope

Which type of microscope is especially useful for viewing thick structures such as biofilms?

a confocal scanning laser microscope

Which type of microscope would be the best choice for viewing very small surface structures of a cell?

a scanning electron microscope

What type of microscope uses an annular stop?

a phase contrast microscrope

What mordant is used in Gram staining?

iodine

What is one difference between specimen preparation for a transmission electron microscope (TEM) and preparation for a scanning electron microscope (SEM)?

only SEM specimen requires sputter-coating

Which of the following individuals argued in favor of the theory of spontaneous generation?

John Needman

Which of the following individuals is credited for definitively refuting the theory of spontaneous generation using broth in swan-neck flask?

Louis Pasteur

Which of the following scientists experimented with raw meat, maggots, and flies in an attempt to disprove the theory of spontaneous generation?

Francesco Redi

Which of the following individuals did not contribute to the establishment of cell theory?

Girolamo Fracastoro

Whose proposal of the endosymbiotic theory of mitochondrial and chloroplast origin was ultimately accepted by the greater scientific community?

Lynn Margulis

Which of the following developed a set of postulates for determining whether a particular disease is caused by a particular pathogen?

Robert Koch

Which of the following terms refers to a prokaryotic cell that is comma shaped?

vibrio

Which bacterial structures are important for adherence to surfaces? (Select all that apply.)

fimbriae + capsules

Which of the following cell wall components is unique to gram-negative cells?

lipopolysaccharide

Which of the following terms refers to a bacterial cell having a single tuft of flagella at one end?

lophotrichous

Bacterial cell walls are primarily composed of which of the following?

peptidoglycan

Which of the following organelles is not part of the endomembrane system?

peroxisome

Which type of cytoskeletal fiber is important in the formation of the nuclear lamina?

intermediate filaments

Sugar groups may be added to proteins in which of the following?

golgi apparatus

Which of the following structures of a eukaryotic cell is not likely derived from endosymbiotic bacterium?

outermembrane

Which type of nutrient uptake involves the engulfment of small dissolved molecules into vesicles?

pinocytosis

Which of the following is not composed of microtubules?

desmosomes

The term prokaryotes refers to which of the following?

unicellular organisms that have no nucleus

The term microbiota refers to which of the following?

all microorganisms in a certain region of the human body

Which of the following refers to the type of interaction between two prokaryotic populations in which one population benefits and the other is not affected?

commensalism

Which of the following describes Proteobacteria in domain Bacteria?

phylum

Which of the following Alphaproteobacteria is the cause of Rocky Mountain spotted fever and typhus?

Bartonella

Class Betaproteobacteria includes all but which of the following genera?

Campylobacter

Haemophilus influenzae is a common cause of which of the following?

upper respiratory tract infections

Which of the following is the organelle that spirochetes use to propel themselves?

axial filament

Which of the following bacteria are the most prevalent in the human gut?

Bacteroides

Which of the following refers to photosynthesis performed by bacteria with the use of water as the donor of electrons?

oxygenic

Which of the following bacterial species is classified as high G+C gram-positive?

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

The term "deeply branching" refers to which of the following?

the position in the evolutionary tree of deeply branching bacteria

Which of these deeply branching bacteria is considered a polyextremophile?

Deinococcus radiodurans

Archaea and Bacteria are most similar in terms of their .

unicellular structure

Which of the following is true of archaea that produce methane?

They live in the most extreme environments.

Which genus includes the causative agent for malaria?

Plasmodium

Which protist is a concern because of its ability to contaminate water supplies and cause diarrheal illness?

Giardia lamblia

Fluke is classified within which of the following?

Platyhelminthes

A nonsegmented worm is found during a routine colonoscopy of an individual who reported having abdominal cramps, nausea, and vomiting. This worm is likely which of the following?

nematode

A segmented worm has male and female reproductive organs in each segment. Some use hooks to attach to the intestinal wall. Which type of worm is this?

cestode

Mushrooms are a type of which of the following?

basidiocarp

Which of the following is the most common cause of human yeast infections?

Candida albicans

Which of the following is an ascomycete fungus associated with bat droppings that can cause a respiratory infection if inhaled?

Histoplasma capsulatum

Which polysaccharide found in red algal cell walls is a useful solidifying agent?

agar

Which is the term for the hard outer covering of some dinoflagellates?

theca

Which protists are associated with red tides?

dinoflagellates

You encounter a lichen with leafy structures. Which term describes this lichen?

foliose

Which of the following is the term for the outer layer of a lichen?

the cortex

The fungus in a lichen is which of the following?

an ascomycete

The component(s) of a virus that is/are extended from the envelope for attachment is/are the:

spikes

Which of the following does a virus lack? Select all that apply.

ribosomes + metabolic processes

The envelope of a virus is derived from the host's

membrane structures

In naming viruses, the family name ends with and genus name ends with _.

virdae + virus

What is another name for a nonenveloped virus?

naked virus

Which of the following leads to the destruction of the host cells?

lytic cycle

A virus obtains its envelope during which of the following phases?

release

Which of the following components is brought into a cell by HIV?

reverse transcriptase

A positive-strand RNA virus:

can be used directly to translate viral proteins.

What is the name for the transfer of genetic information from one bacterium to another bacterium by a phage?

transduction

Which of the following cannot be used to culture viruses?

liquid medium only

Which of the following tests can be used to detect the presence of a specific virus?

all of the above

Which of the following is NOT a cytopathic effect?

mononucleated cell

Which of these infectious agents do not have nucleic acid?

prions

Which of the following is true of prions?

They are a rogue form of protein PrP

Which of these elements is not a micronutrient?

C

Which of the following is the name for molecules whose structures are nonsuperimposable mirror images?

enantiomers

By definition, carbohydrates contain which elements?

C H O

Monosaccharides may link together to form polysaccharides by forming which type of bond?

glycosidic

Which of the following describes lipids?

all of the above

Molecules bearing both polar and nonpolar groups are said to be which of the following?

amphipathic

Which of the following groups varies among different amino acids?

R group

The amino acids present in proteins differ in which of the following?

all of the above

Which of the following bonds are not involved in tertiary structure?

peptide bonds

Which of the following characteristics/compounds is not considered to be a phenotypic biochemical characteristic used of microbial identification?

small subunit rRNA gene

Proteomic analysis is a methodology that deals with which of the following?

the study of all accumulated proteins of organism

Which method involves the generation of gas phase ions from intact microorganisms?

MALDI-TOF

Which method involves the analysis of membrane-bound carbohydrates?

Lancefield group testing

Which method involves conversion of a microbe's lipids to volatile compounds for analysis by gas chromatography?

FAME

Which of the following is an organism that obtains its energy from the transfer of electrons originating from chemical compounds and its carbon from an inorganic source?

chemoautotroph