SPDI: Plumbing Fundamentals 1 | (Plumbing Fixtures)

PLUMBING FIXTURE

It is supplied with water, discharges water and/or waste, and performs a function for the user. Each fixture is designed for a specific activity to maintain public health and sanitation.

SANITARYWARE

Plumbing fixtures are often referred to as ____.

5-7 gallons

Water closets typically flush between ___ of water.

REVERSE TRAP

Water is introduced into the fixture only through the rim by a gravity flush tank. This flushing action is low-cost and used mostly for residential projects. It may be used with flush tanks or valves.

BLOWOUT

Water is introduced at high velocity through jets at the bottom of the waterway. This action type is used for public facilities and industrial projects because of its capability to remove larger objects thrown in the fixture. These are used with a flush valve water supply only.

SIPHON JET

Water is introduced into the fixture both through the rim and by jet at the bottom of the waterway. Quiet flashing and moderate cost make this the most common flushing action. This can be used with flush valves or tanks.

CLOSE-COUPLED WATER CLOSET

is one with a two-piece tank and bowl fixture

ONE-PIECE WATER CLOSET

as it suggests, one with the tank and bowl as one piece

FLUSHOMETER STYLE WATER CLOSET

is a bowl with a spud connection that receives the connection from a flushometer valve; are also referred to as “top spud” or “back spud bowls.” The spud is the name for the connection for the flushometer valve and the top or rear identifies the location of the spud.

GRAVITY FLUSH

Used with tank type water closets, the water is not under pressure and flushes by gravity.

FLUSHOMETER TANK

also for tank type water closets; however, the water is stored in a pressurized vessel and flushed under a pressure ranging between 25 and 35 psi. It has the same outside appearance as a gravity tank. A pressure regulator prevents the pressure in the vessel from rising above 35 psi.

FLUSHOMETER VALVE

A type of flush uses the water supply line pressure to flush the water closet. Because of the demand for a flush of large volume of water in a short period of time, the water supply pipe must be larger in diameter than that for a gravity or flushometer tank type of flush.

25 gpm

A flushometer valve is also referred to as a “flush valve.” For 1.6-gpf water closets, flushometer valves are set to flow ___ at peak to flush the water closet. The flushing cycle is very short, lasting 4 to 5 seconds.

FLOOR-MOUNTED WATER CLOSET

A type of water closet that is supported by the floor and connected directly to the piping through the floor

WALL HUNG WATER CLOSET

is supported by a wall hanger and never comes in contact with the floor; are considered superior for maintaining a clean floor in the toilet room since the water closet doesn’t interfere with the cleaning of the floor.

FLOOR-MOUNTED, BACK OUTLET WATER CLOSETS

are supported by the floor yet connect to the piping through the wall'; the advantage is that the penetrations of the floor are reduced for the plumbing

elongated bowls

RNPCP requires ____ for public and employee use.

12 in (305 mm)

A standard rough-in bowl outlet is ____.

Rough-in

It is the distance from the back wall to the center of the outlet when the water closet is installed.

2 in (51 mm)

The trap seal restoration test determines that the water closet refills the trap of the bowl after each flush. The remaining trap seal must be a minimum of ____.

3 in (75 mm)

The water rise test evaluates the rise of water in the bowl when the water closet is flushed. The water cannot rise above a point ___ below the top of the bowl.

15 in, 21 in

The minimum spacing required for a water closet is:

• __ from the centerline of the bowl to the side wall

• __ from the front of the water closet to any obstruction in front of the water closet

30 in. wide by 60 in. in length

The standard dimension for a water closet compartment is ___. The water closet must be installed in the center of a standard compartment.

30 inches

The minimum distance required between water closets is ___.

30 in

The minimum spacing required to use a double sanitary tee fitting is ___ from the centerline of the water closet to the entrance of the fitting. This spacing rules out a back-to-back water closet connection.

BLOWOUT URINALS

Tend to force the water and waste from the trap to the drain.

SIPHON-JET URINALS

A type of urinal that creates a siphon action to evacuate the trap

WASHOUT URINALS

rely on a water exchange to flush; there is no siphon action or complete evacuation of the trap way

STALL AND WASH-DOWN URINALS

__ have an outlet to which an external trap is connected. Many plumbing codes continue to prohibit the use of this type of urinal in public and employee toilet rooms. One of the concerns is the ability to maintain a high level of sanitation after each flush.

1 gallon of water

Older blowout urinals require more than __ to flush. The newer urinals require _ or less to flush.

¾ inch

Urinals with an integral trap must be capable of passing a ___ diameter ball. The outlet connection is typically 2 inches in diameter.

1 ½ inch

Stall and washdown urinals can have a ____ outlet with an external ____ trap (51 mm or 2” based on RNPCP)

30 inches

The minimum spacing required between urinals is __ center to center.

0.6 m

The minimum spacing required between urinals is __ center to center (based on RNPCP Section 407.5).

15 inches

The minimum spacing between a urinal and a sidewall is ____.

0.3 m

The minimum spacing between a urinal and a sidewall is ____ (based on RNPCP Section 407.5).

21 inches (0.53 m)

The minimum spacing required in front of the urinal is ___.

21 inches above

Urinals with an integral trap have the outlet located ___ the floor for a standard height installation.

LAVATORY

It is a wash basin used for personal hygiene. In public locations, it is intended to be used for washing one’s hands and face. Residential ones are intended for hand and face washing, shaving, applying makeup, cleaning contact lenses, and similar hygienic activities.

2.2 gpm at 60 psi

minimum gpm for private (and residential) lavatories

0.5 gpm at 60 psi or a cycle of 0.25 gal

minimum gpm for public lavatories

1 ¼ inches or 32 mm

The standard outlet for a lavatory is ____ in diameter.

18 in²

The minimum cross-sectional area of a lavatory must be ____.

31 inches

The standard height of a lavatory is ___ above the finished floor.

21 inches

A spacing of ___ is required in front of the lavatory to access the fixture.

38 mm or 1 ½”

The minimum outlet of a residential kitchen sink based on RNPCP Table 7-2.

36 inches

The standard installation height for a residential kitchen sink is ___ above the finished floor.

22 inches

Most residential kitchen sinks are ___ measured from the front edge to the rear edge.

25 inches

most common width for single compartment sinks (residential)

33 inches

most common width for double-compartment kitchen sinks (residential)

9 - 10 inches

the most common depth of the compartments (residential kitchen sinks)

Commercial Kitchen Sinks

are normally larger in size and have a deeper bowl than residential sinks. These are often free-standing sinks with leg to support the sink.

Service Sinks

is a general purpose sink intended to be used for facilitating the cleaning or decorating of a building. The sink is commonly used to fill mop buckets and dispose of their waste.

2 inches

The trap for the service sink must be __ according to the RNPCP.

2.2 gpm @ 60 psi

maximum flow rate of KITCHEN FAUCET

2.2 gpm @ 60 psi

maximum flow rate of LAVATORY FAUCET

0.5 gpm @ 60 psi

maximum flow rate for LAVATORY FAUCET (PUBLIC USE)

0.25 gal per cycle

maximum flow rate of LAVATORY FAUCET (PUBLIC USE, METERING)

Water Cooler

has a refrigerated component that chills the water

Drinking Fountain

is a nonrefrigerated water dispenser

Shower

is designed to allow full body cleansing. The size and configuration of it must permit an individual to bend at the waist to clean the lower body extremities.

0.6 m2

The minimum size shower enclosure based on RNPCP.

30 inches (762 mm)

The codes further stipulate that a shower have a ____ diameter circle within the shower to allow free movement by the bather.

2.5 gpm @ 80 psi

the maximum permitted flow rate from a SHOWER VALVE

SHOWER VALVES

not only control the flow and temperature of the water, they also must control any variation in the temperature of the water. They provide protection against scalding as well as sudden changes in water temperature which can cause slips and falls.

Pressure-Balancing Valve

maintains a constant temperature of the shower water by constantly adjusting the pressure of the hot and cold water supply.

Thermostatic Mixing Valves

adjust the temperature of the water by maintaining a constant temperature once the water temperature is set. This is accomplished by thermally sensing controls that modify the quantity of hot and cold water to keep the set temperature.

48 to 50 inches

The shower valve is typically located ____ above the floor.

78 inches

The standard height for showers used by adult males

5 ft long, 30 in. wide, 14-16 in. deep

The standard bathtub size

2 inch air gap

The spout of the tub filler must be properly installed to maintain a ___ between the outlet and the flood level rim of the bathtub.

atmospheric vacuum breaker

Certain decorative tub fillers have an ____ installed to protect the opening that is located below the flood level rim.

14 inches; 4 inches

The standard location of the bathtub fill valve is ___ above the top rim of the bathtub. The spout is typically located ____ above the top rim of the bathtub to the centerline of the pipe connection.

Bidet

It is a fixture designed for cleaning the perineal area. The fixture is meant for both male and female cleaning. It has a faucet that comes with or without a water spray connection.

Floor Drain

is a plumbing fixture that is the exception to the definition of a plumbing fixture. These are typically provided as an emergency fixture in the event of a leak or overflow of water. Also used to assist in the cleaning of a toilet or bathroom

Trench Drain

are continuous drains that can extend for a number of feet in length. These are popular in indoor parking structures and factory and industrial areas. Each section of the drain must have a separate trap

Emergency Shower

also called “drench shower” because of the large volume of water discharged throught it

25 gpm - 100 gpm

flow rate of EMERGENCY SHOWER

Eyewash Station

used for washing the eyes; the water flow rate is gentle so that the eyes can remain open during the washing process

1.5 gpm - 6 gpm

flow rates for an EYEWASH STATION