Physical Therapy Exam Review Flashcards

A set of practice flashcards covering clinical scenarios, muscle physiology, developmental milestones, and ethics based on physical therapy lecture notes.

What are the organization and duration details for the Prometric and Pearson Vue physical therapy exams mentioned?

The exam consists of $150$ multiple-choice questions to be completed in $3$ hours.

What is the common complication resulting from applied electrical stimulation to an area for a long duration, such as one hour?

Skin irritation.

If a patient with Bell's palsy is treated with prolonged electrical stimulation for one month and develops complications, what condition has likely occurred?

Muscle Fibrosis.

What type of paralysis results from a fracture-dislocation of the $L4$ and $L5$ lumbar vertebrae?

Flaccid paraplegia (due to damage to the nerve roots of the cauda equina).

Which type of ankle injury accounts for most sprained ankles, and which specific position causes it?

Inversion sprains, occurring in the position of $inversion + planter flexon$.

What clinical condition is indicated by a patient presenting with wheezing, dyspnoea, cough, and secretions for many years?

Chronic bronchitis.

In the Apley test, what are the distinct indications for compression versus distraction?

$Compression = meniscal injury$ and $Distraction = ligamentous injury$.

During positioning for a spastic lower limb in a patient with hemiplegia, which position should the therapist refrain from?

Retraction of hip without inward rotation.

In physical therapy ethics, what is the distinction between malpractice and illegal acts regarding patient treatment?

A $burn$ caused by prolonged use of a hot pack is categorized as $malpractice$, while $strict attitudes and behavior$ with the patient are categorized as $illegal$.

What is the recommended management for symptoms such as irritation, hot flushes, and loss of sleep following a hysterectomy?

Hormonal replacement therapy.

How is Myasthenia Gravis differentiated from myopathy during physical examination of a patient with neurological disorders?

In $Myasthenia Gravis$, weakness increases with repetition but returns to normal with adequate rest; in $myopathy$, symptoms increase with both exercise and rest.

What is the difference between 'Swing to' and 'Swing through' gait training with crutches?

In $Swing to$, the lower limbs move towards the crutches; in $Swing through$, the lower limbs advance past the crutches.

Which type of electrotherapy is indicated for Neuropraxia versus Neurotmesis?

$Neuropraxia$ is treated with $Faradic current$, while $Neurotmesis$ is treated with $Interrupted direct current$ or $Galvanic$ current.

According to the International Classification of Functioning (ICF), what component is a therapist aiming to improve when targeting range of motion ($ROM$) or muscle strength?

Physical Impairment.

What is the most common direction for a young athlete to experience a shoulder dislocation?

Anterior and inferior.

Weakness of which muscle interferes with stair climbing and getting up from a reclined position?

$Iliopsoas$.

Weakness of which muscle interferes with stair climbing and getting up from an inclined position?

$Quadriceps femoris$.

What is the most dependable sign for a patient with Volkmann's ischemic disease?

Pain.

What device is recommended for independent mobility for a patient with a $C8$ spinal cord injury ($SCI$)?

Manual wheelchair.

On the Typical Reflex Grading scale, what does a grade of $2+$ indicate?

Normal, typical response.

What condition is associated with tightness of the low back muscle and weakness of the abdominal muscles?

Anterior tilt of the pelvis and lordosis.

What are the primary clinical characteristics of Raynaud's disease?

Bilateral symmetrical involvement, and skin that is asymmetrical and cyanotic.

Which physical therapy modality is specifically contraindicated for patients with Raynaud's disease?

Ice massaging.

In a patient with Parkinsonism, what is the most appropriate action to improve balance and stability?

Lowering the center of gravity ($COG$) and increasing the base of support ($BOS$).

What is the best position for mechanical lumbar traction in a patient with a posterior herniated disk?

Supine with both knees flexed.

In hand assessments, which nerve is most likely affected if the patient experiences pain, numbness, and tingling in the first three fingers?

Median nerve (Carpal tunnel syndrome).

What are the definitions of Kinetic versus Kinematic science in mechanics?

$Kinetic$ science studies forces and torques that cause motion; $Kinematic$ science describes motion without considering the forces causing it.

Define Spondylolisthesis.

The forward displacement or slippage of one vertebra over the vertebra below it.

Which physiological effect of heating is categorized as an indirect effect?

Muscle relaxation.

Which PNF technique is specifically used to increase stability in patients with Ataxia?

Rhythmic stabilization.

What are the three planes of the body and their corresponding axes?

$Coronal (frontal) plane - sagital axis$; $Sagittal plane - coronal axis$; $Transverse (axial) plane - vertical axis$.

At what age should a child typically be able to sit independently?

$6$ months.

What is the mean age for an infant to develop the ability to hop on one foot while holding on?

$30$ months.

Define Rheobase.

The smallest current that will produce a muscle contraction if the stimulus is of infinite duration.

Define Chronaxie.

The duration of the shortest impulse that will produce a response with a current of double the rheobase.

What is a Boutonniere deformity of the fingers?

A deformity where the proximal interphalangeal joint ($PIP$) is flexed and the distal interphalangeal joint ($DIP$) is hyperextended.

What is a Swan neck deformity of the fingers?

A deformity where the proximal interphalangeal joint ($PIP$) is hyperextended and the distal interphalangeal joint ($DIP$) is flexed.

What are the therapeutic temperature ranges for wax therapy and the melting point of wax?

Wax therapy is maintained at $40^{\circ}$ to $44^{\circ}\,C$; the melting point of wax is $51^{\circ}$ to $54^{\circ}\,C$.

How is a Brodie's abscess classified in terms of osteomyelitis stages?

Subacute osteomyelitis.

What is the electrical potential across a normal cell membrane at rest?

$-60$ to $-90\,mVolt$.

Which muscle is responsible for the first $30^{\circ}$ of shoulder abduction?

$Supraspinatus$.

Define 'Step length' in gait analysis.

The distance between two consecutive heel strikes.

Which nerve is involved in a Colles' fracture, or 'dinner-fork' deformity of the distal radius?

Median nerve.