Components of Fitness

Flashcards covering standardizing test protocols, fitness components (physical and skill-related), aerobic endurance, strength, speed, flexibility, body composition, power, reaction time, agility, coordination and balance.

What is a test protocol?

The way in which a test is conducted to produce measurable definite results, minimizing human error and opinion.

List inaccuracies that a test protocol must eliminate.

Efficient and accurate recording equipment, correct techniques and equipment, use of protocol for scoring, elimination of crowd effects, controlled warm-up, same conditions for repeated tests.

Define fitness.

The ability to meet the demands of the environment.

What are the two main categories of fitness components?

Physical components and skill components.

List the physical components of fitness.

Strength, flexibility, speed, body composition, aerobic endurance, and muscular endurance.

List the skill components of fitness.

Balance, agility, coordination, reaction time, and power.

Define muscular endurance.

The ability of a muscle or muscle group to sustain repeated contractions over time sufficient enough to cause muscular fatigue.

What energy-producing conditions does muscular endurance rely on?

Aerobic and anaerobic conditions.

List two tests that evaluate local muscular endurance.

Multi-stage abdominal test and maximum chin test.

Define aerobic endurance.

The ability to provide and sustain vigorous total body activity aerobically; also known as cardio-respiratory or cardio-vascular endurance.

What bodily systems are involved in aerobic endurance?

Cardiovascular and respiratory systems.

What is a key component of aerobic endurance?

Aerobic power or maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max).

Name a test that assesses the maximum amount of oxygen a person can consume per minute during exercise.

VO2max test.

List predicted VO2max tests.

Physical Work Capacity test (PWC170), Cooper run/walk test, Multi-stage shuttle run test, Yo-Yo run test, and the Queen's College step test.

Define strength.

The maximum force exerted by a specific muscle or muscle group during a single maximal muscle contraction - or one repetition maximum (1RM).

What is static strength?

Strength exerted without change of muscle length.

What is dynamic strength?

The maximal strength exerted during a movement or exercise in which muscle length changes.

What is plyometric strength?

The ability to apply as large a force as possible using an eccentric muscle contraction followed by a concentric muscle contraction.

What is speed?

The maximum rate at which a person is able to move his or her body, or the distance moved per second.

Define flexibility.

The ability to move a joint through its complete range of movement.

What does flexibility concern?

The stretching of muscles and tissues such as ligaments and tendons around skeletal joints.

Name a standardized test of flexibility.

The sit and reach trunk flexion test.

Define body composition.

The relative percentage of muscle, fat, and bone.

List three ways body composition is measured.

Skinfold measurements, body composition scales (bioelectrical impedance analysis), and underwater weighing.

Define power.

The ability to use strength quickly (strength x speed).

How is power measured?

In joules per second or watts.

List three standard tests of power.

Vertical jump test (Sergeant test), Margaria Kalamen stair test, and the standing broad jump test.

Define reaction time.

The time taken to initiate a response to a given stimulus.

Name two ways reaction time can be assessed.

Computer software or the stick drop test.

Define agility.

The physical ability that enables a person to quickly change body position in a precise manner; a combination of balance, coordination, speed, and flexibility.

Name a standardized test that assesses speed and agility.

Illinois agility run.

Define coordination.

The ability to perform smooth and accurate motor tasks, often involving the use of senses.

Define balance.

The ability to retain the centre of mass of a sportsperson's body above the base of support.

What is the difference between static and dynamic balance?

Static balance is where a position is held, dynamic balance is the ability to maintain balance under changing conditions of body movement, shape, and orientation.

Name a test used to assess balance.

Standard Stork test