Japanese Basic Grammar

ga (が)

indicates a topic.

o (を)

an object indicator.

Shows action happening on the object.

kara (から)

start of action: FROM

states a reason: BECAUSE

made (まで)

end of action: UNTIL

ni (に)

Time indicator: AT, ON

Shows where something exists: AT, IN

Shows direction of travel: TO、TOWARD

e (へ)

Shows direction of travel: TO, TOWARD

de (で)

Shows the place of action: AT

Shows how an action takes place: BY, WITH

no (の)

Possession: ~'s, my~

ka (か)

Question indicator: ?

Can list choices between nouns: OR

to (と)

Used for listing items/nouns: AND

wa (は)

Subjects indicator. Shows who or what the sentence is about.

mo (も)

ALSO, TOO

yo (よ)

Exclamation mark: !

Comes at the end of the sentence.

ne (ね)

It is ~ Isn't it?

Comes at the end of the sentence.