antr 350 systemic circulation and heart

Brachiocephalic trunk

First branch of the aortic arch, supplying the right arm, head, and neck.

Left common carotid artery

Second branch of the aortic arch, supplying the left side of the head and neck.

Left subclavian artery

Third branch of the aortic arch, supplying the left arm.

Ascending aorta

The first section of the aorta, starting from the left ventricle.

Aortic arch

The curved portion of the aorta connecting the ascending and descending aorta.

Right subclavian artery

Branch of the brachiocephalic trunk supplying the right arm.

Right common carotid artery

Branch of the brachiocephalic trunk supplying the right side of the head and neck.

Descending (thoracic) aorta

The section of the aorta that runs down through the chest cavity.

Posterior intercostal arteries

Arteries that supply the intercostal spaces along the rib cage.

Inferior vena cava

Carries deoxygenated blood from the lower body to the right atrium.

Subclavian veins

Drain blood from the upper limbs and join the internal jugular veins.

Internal jugular veins

Drain blood from the brain, head, and neck.

Brachiocephalic veins

Formed by the union of the internal jugular and subclavian veins.

Superior vena cava

Carries deoxygenated blood from the upper body to the right atrium.

Azygos vein

Drains the thoracic wall and empties into the superior vena cava.

Posterior intercostal veins

Drain the intercostal spaces along the posterior rib cage.

Hemiazygos vein

Drains the lower left thoracic wall and empties into the azygos vein.

Abdominal aorta

The portion of the aorta below the diaphragm supplying the abdomen and lower body.

Renal arteries

Branches of the abdominal aorta that supply the kidneys.

Gonadal arteries

Branches of the abdominal aorta supplying the testes or ovaries.

Common iliac arteries

Terminal branches of the abdominal aorta that divide into internal and external branches.

Internal iliac arteries

Branches of the common iliac arteries supplying the pelvis and gluteal region.

External iliac arteries

Branches of the common iliac arteries supplying the lower limbs.

Celiac trunk

Branch of the abdominal aorta supplying the stomach, liver, and spleen.

Superior mesenteric artery

Branch of the abdominal aorta supplying the small intestine and proximal colon.

Inferior mesenteric artery

Branch of the abdominal aorta supplying the distal colon and rectum.

Foregut

Supplied by the celiac trunk.

Midgut

Supplied by the superior mesenteric artery.

Hindgut

Supplied by the inferior mesenteric artery.

Kidneys

Supplied by the renal arteries.

Pelvis

Supplied by the internal iliac arteries.

Gonads (ovaries/testes)

Supplied by the gonadal arteries.

Lower limb

Supplied by the external iliac arteries.

caval venous system

don't need to pass through liver before returning to heart

hepatic portal venous system

drain blood from one capillary system into another before returning blood to the heart

Coronary groove (sulcus)

Groove on the heart surface marking the boundary between atria and ventricles.

Anterior interventricular groove (sulcus)

Groove on the anterior heart surface separating the right and left ventricles.

Pericarditis

Inflammation of the pericardium.

Pericardial effusion

Accumulation of excess fluid in the pericardial cavity.

Cardiac tamponade

Compression of the heart due to rapid fluid accumulation in the pericardium.

Femoral artery

Major artery of the thigh, continuing from the external iliac artery.

Deep femoral artery

Branch of the femoral artery supplying the deep muscles of the thigh.

Popliteal artery

Continuation of the femoral artery behind the knee in the popliteal fossa.

Anterior tibial artery

Branch of the popliteal artery supplying the anterior compartment of the leg.

Dorsalis pedis artery

Continuation of the anterior tibial artery onto the dorsum of the foot.

Posterior tibial artery

Branch of the popliteal artery supplying the posterior compartment of the leg.

Fibular artery

Branch of the posterior tibial artery supplying the lateral compartment of the leg.

Axillary artery

Continuation of the subclavian artery supplying the axilla and upper limb.

Deep brachial artery

Branch of the brachial artery supplying the deep structures of the arm.

Radial artery

Lateral branch of the brachial artery supplying the forearm and hand.

Ulnar artery

Medial branch of the brachial artery supplying the forearm and hand.

Digital arteries

Terminal branches supplying the fingers.

anastomosis

connecting two vessels

Fossa ovalis

Depression in the right atrium, a remnant of the fetal foramen ovale.

Chordae tendineae

Fibrous cords anchoring AV valve cusps to papillary muscles to prevent backflow.

Papillary muscle

Ventricular muscles that contract to tighten chordae tendineae and secure heart valves.

Trabeculae carneae

Muscular ridges on the internal walls of the cardiac ventricles.

Valve stenosis

Narrowing of a heart valve opening, restricting blood flow.

Valve prolapse

Valve cusps bulge backward into the atrium during contraction, causing backflow.

Great cardiac vein

Vein running in the anterior interventricular sulcus, draining the anterior heart.

Middle cardiac vein

Vein running in the posterior interventricular sulcus, draining the posterior heart.

Small cardiac vein

Vein running in the coronary sulcus on the right side, draining the right atrium and ventricle.

Coronary sinus

Large vein on the posterior heart that collects blood from cardiac veins and empties into the right atrium.

Right coronary artery

Artery arising from the right aortic sinus, supplying the right atrium and ventricle.

Left coronary artery

Artery arising from the left aortic sinus, supplying the left atrium and ventricle.

Right marginal artery

Branch of the right coronary artery supplying the lateral right ventricle.

circumflex artery

Branch of the left coronary artery running in the coronary sulcus, supplying the left atrium and ventricle.

Anterior interventricular artery

Branch of the left coronary artery running in the anterior interventricular sulcus.

Posterior interventricular artery

Branch of the coronary artery running in the posterior interventricular sulcus.