Acid- Base Balances for final

What is an acid?

carbon dioxide and hydrogen

What is a base?

bicarbonate

What is the pH?

it measures the acidity or alkalinity of a solution

Normal pH?

7.35-7.45

Normal CO2?

35-45

Normal O2?

80-100

Normal bicarb?

22-26

Respiratory acidosis symptoms:

shallow breaths, dyspnea, disorientation

Respiratory acidosis causes:

respiratory failure, chest wall injury, atelectasis, pulmonary disease, asthma

Respiratory acidosis treatment:

get rid of excess CO2, intubation, treat underlying cause

Respiratory alkalosis symptoms:

tingling of extremities, confusion, deep, rapid breathing and seizures

Respiratory alkalosis causes:

asthma, pneumonia, anxiety, hyperventilation

Respiratory alkalosis treatment:

rebreathe into a paper bag to replace lost CO2

Metabolic remember:

acid from the gut, base from the butt

when one vomits or has gastric suctioning they lose acid and may become alkalotic

if one has diarrhea, they lose base and become acidotic

Metabolic acidosis causes:

starvation, DKA, diarrhea

Metabolic acidosis treatment:

sodium bicarbonate, treat underlying cause

Metabolic alkalosis causes:

vomiting, gastric suctioning, too much sodium bicarb, hypokalemia

Metabolic alkalosis treatment:

replace K+ levels, treat underlying cause