Muscles, TMJ, Heart, Tongue

Superficial Cervical muscles (located close to surface of skin)

Sternocleidomastoid, Trapezuis

Trapezius Origin and Insertion

Origin - external surface of the occipital bone at the superior nuchal line and the posterior midline of the cervical and thoracic region.

Insertion - 1/3rd of the clavicle and parts of the scapula

sternocleidomastoid Origin and insertion

Origin- Superior and lateral part of the sternum (bones that connect ribs) and medial portion of the clavicle (collar bone)

insertion - mastoid process of the temporal bone

Suprahyoid Muscles

Mylohyoid, geniohyoid, digastric, and stylohyoid muscles

Infrahyoid Muscles

Sternothyroid, sternohyoid, omohyoid, and thyrohyoid muscles

Mylohyoid Muscle origin and insertion

origin - mylohyoid line of the mandible

insertion - mylohyoid raphe of the hyoid bone

action - depress the mandible and elevate the hyoid and tongue

Scalp region (2 bellies and action)

1) Occipital belly

2) frontal belly

Epicranial aponeurosis (large tendon)

action - raises eyebrows

eye region action

orbicularis oculi

action - closes eyelid

Orbicularis oris origin/insertion and action

origin - facial modiolus

insertion- vermillion zone (ensures the mouth) and non-vermillion zone (skin tissue)

Action- closing, rolling forward

6 muscles supplied by the facial nerve (VII) supply

Buccinator, zygomatic major, zygomatic minor, levator labii superioris alaeque nasi, levator labii superioris

Buccinator origin, insertion and action

Origin- alveolar processes of maxilla and mandible pterygomandibular raphe

insertion- skin tissues at the angle of the mouth

action- pulls the angle of the mouth laterally

Zygomatic Major origin, insertion and action

Origin- zygomatic bone

insertion- skin tissue at the angle of the mouth

action-elevate the angle of the supper lip and pulls laterally when smiles

zygomatic minor origin, insertion and action

origin- zygomatic bone

insertion- skin tissues of upper lip

action- elevate the upper lip (smile)

Modiolus definition

Point at the corners of lips where several muscles converge

Modiolus muscle examples

Orbicularis oris

Buccinator

Zygomatic major

muscles of the pharynx

superior, middle and inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle

muscles of the soft palate

Palatoglossus and palatopharyngeal

palatoglossus

forms anterior faucial pillar

palatopharyngeus

Posterior faucial pillar

what happens when muscles of the soft palate are relaxed

palate extends posteriorly over the anterior oropharynx

How does the nasopharynx and oropharynx separate during swallowing

Combines action of the soft plate.

The soft plate moves superiorly and posteriorly to contact the posterior pharyngeal wall.

4 main muscles for mastication

Masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid and lateral pterygoid muscle

Masseter origin, insertion and action

Origin- zygomatic arch

insertion- lateral surface of the angle and ramus of the mandible

Action- elevates the mandible

The masseter blood and nerve supple

Masseteric artery and nerve

Temporalis origin, insertion and action

Origin- temporal fossa

insertion- coronoid process of the mandible

action: elevate mandible

Neck surface features

hyoid bone, thyroid notch, laryngeal prominence

What Cervical triangles does the sternocleidomastoid muscle separate

Occipital and posterior triangle

Cervical triangle of the chin

Submandibular and submental triangle

cervical triangle of the neck

Muscular triangle

Submandibular triangle features

submandibular glands

supplied by the facial artery

Carotid sheath

fibrous tunnel in the neck

carotid sheath structures

internal jugular vein, common carotid and internal carotid arteries, vagus nerve

TMJ bony components

Articular fossa and articular eminence of the temporal bone

condyle head the of the mandible

TMJ connective tissue parts

articular disk, joint capsule and ligaments

Meniscus (articular disc) functions

Compressive forces are cushioned or distributed to a large area to protect the articular surfaces

Articular disc age changes

Become thinner, calcified

Synovial fluid functions

Lubrication to reduce friction

Nutrional to avascular tissues

Ligament function

helps stabilise the joint

TMJ ligament function

prevents excessive retraction of the mandible

Sphenomandibular ligamnet and stylomandibular ligament function

become taut (tight) when the mandible is protruded

Between what part of the TMJ helps with Gliding movement.

Occurs mainly between disc and articular fossa in the supper synovial cavity

protrusion (forward) - lateral pterygoid muscle

protrusion (backwards) - posterior fibers of the temporalis muscle

Between what part of the TMJ helps with rotational movement.

Occurs mainly between disc and the condyle in the lower synovial cavity

Depression (lowering) - lateral pterygoids muscle

Elevation (raising) - masseter and temporalis

Valves of the heart

mitral valve, pulmonary valve, tricuspid valve

Where does the blood get oxygenated back into the heart

through pulmonary arteries to the lungs and back into the pulmonary veins

Maxillary arteries - away from heart

Posterior superior alveolar artery

Anterior superior alveolar artery

incisive artery

inferior alveolar artery

Facial veins and artery

Anterior superior alveolar

posterior superior alveolar

inferior alveolar artery

vein in mandibular canal

Anterior superior alveolar artery blood supply of teeth

Maxillary anterior teeth

middle superior alveolar artery

Maxillary premolar teeth

posterior superior alveolar artery

Maxillary posterior teeth

greater palatine artery

Palatine mucosa

Nasopalatine artery

palatine mucosa

Inferior alveolar artery

Mandibular posterior teeth and buccal

Incisive artery

Mandibular anterior teeth

Mental artery

chin area

Sublingual of lingual artery

lingual periodontium

submental of facial artery

gingiva of mandibular teeth

Tongue functions

Speech, mastication, taste, oral cleaning

base (root) of tongue - vertical plane

Posterior 1/3rd - pharyngeal part

attaches to the floor of the mouth

Body - horizontal plane

anterior 2/3rd - oral part

apex of tongue

tip of tongue

lingual papillaes of tongue

fungiform

filiform

foliate

circumvallate

what lingual papillae has no taste buds

filiform LP

Middle line of tongue

Median lingual sulcus

ventral surface of tongue structures

lingual frenum

sublingual caruncle

deep lingual veins

plica fimbriata

intrinsic tongue muscles

vertical, transverse, superior longitudinal, inferior longitudinal

Intrinsic tongue muscle innervation (CN)

Hypoglossal nerve

extrinsic tongue muscles

hyo glossus

Stylo glossus

genio glossus

palato glossus

palatoglossus innervation

Vagus nerve (X)

hyoglossus

genioglossus

styloglossus innervation

hypoglossal nerve

anterior 2/3rd general sensation

Lingual nerve from mandibular division of trigeminal nerve

posterior 1/3rd general sensation

glossopharyngeal nerve, circumvallate and foliate papillae

Anterior 2/3rd taste sensation with fungiform papillae

facial nerve

the most posterior part near the epiglottis

General and taste sensation with the vagus nerve