GIT Histology

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The goal of the GIT CAL is for the students to familiarize themselves with the overall histology of the GIT and to be able to identify some key histological features of the major tissues in this important physiological system. Please see the video below for instructions on how to engage with the CAL material.

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15 Terms

1
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<p>Oesophagus</p>

Oesophagus

  • Mucosa

    • Epithelium, lamina propria below and the muscularis mucosa (if present)

    • Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

  • Submucosa

    • The area below the mucosa

    • Contains small mucous secreting cells, vascular supply and innervation.

  • Muscularis externa

    • Muscle layers

    • Has different composition depending on its location within the oesophagus.

    • Top = skeletal muscle

    • Middle = smooth and skeletal muscle

    • Bottom = smooth muscle

  • Adventitia

    • Outer connective tissue layer

    • The outer layer of the organ is called serosa which is a thin layer of loose connective tissue with a simple squamous mesothelium e.g. stomach

<ul><li><p>Mucosa</p><ul><li><p>Epithelium, lamina propria below and the muscularis mucosa (if present)</p></li></ul><ul><li><p>Non-keratinized<strong> stratified squamous epithelium</strong></p><p></p></li></ul></li><li><p>Submucosa </p><ul><li><p>The area below the mucosa</p></li><li><p><span>Contains small mucous secreting cells, vascular supply and innervation.</span><br></p></li></ul></li><li><p>Muscularis externa </p><ul><li><p>Muscle layers </p></li><li><p><span>Has different composition depending on its location within the oesophagus.</span></p></li><li><p><span>Top = skeletal muscle </span></p></li><li><p><span>Middle = smooth and skeletal muscle</span></p></li><li><p><span>Bottom = smooth muscle</span></p><p></p></li></ul></li><li><p>Adventitia </p><ul><li><p>Outer connective tissue layer</p></li><li><p><span>The outer layer of the organ is called </span><strong>serosa </strong><span>which is a thin layer of loose connective tissue with a simple squamous mesothelium e.g. stomach</span></p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
2
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<p>Stomach</p>

Stomach

  • Fundus

    • Surface mucosal cells

    • Parietal cells → fried egg shape/pyramidal. Cells can be found mid way down the gland. = HCl

    • Chief cells → These can be found in the bottom third of the gland. = Pepsinogen producing cells

  • Rugae

    • Folds; presences of contracted stomach = on an empyt stomach.

<ul><li><p><strong>Fundus</strong></p><ul><li><p>Surface mucosal cells</p></li><li><p>Parietal cells → fried egg shape/pyramidal. Cells can be found mid way down the gland. = HCl</p></li><li><p>Chief cells → These can be found in the bottom third of the gland. = Pepsinogen producing cells</p></li></ul></li><li><p>Rugae </p><ul><li><p>Folds; presences of contracted stomach = on an empyt stomach.</p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
3
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<p>Small intestine</p>

Small intestine

  • Jejunum

    • Plica circularis → outfolds of tissue

    • Villus → hundred villi on a songle plica circularis

    • Enterocyte →

    • Crypt of Lieberkühn →

<ul><li><p><strong>Jejunum</strong></p><ul><li><p>Plica circularis → outfolds of tissue</p></li><li><p>Villus → hundred villi on a songle plica circularis</p></li><li><p>Enterocyte → </p></li><li><p>Crypt of Lieberkühn →</p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
4
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<p>Large intestine</p>

Large intestine

  • Colon

    • Colonoic epithelial cell or colonocyte → protection from luminal contents of the colon (faeces, bateria etc). Columnar epithelial cells

    • Lamina propria → has lumphoid cells and sometimes lymphoid aggregates.

    • Muscularis mucosa → state of agitation and movement

    • Crypt/Colonic gland

    • Myenteric ganglion

    • Colonocyte

    • Goblet cell → lubricative and protective function.

<ul><li><p><strong>Colon</strong></p><ul><li><p>Colonoic epithelial cell or colonocyte → protection from luminal contents of the colon (faeces, bateria etc). Columnar epithelial cells</p></li><li><p>Lamina propria → has lumphoid cells and sometimes lymphoid aggregates. </p></li><li><p>Muscularis mucosa → state of agitation and movement</p></li><li><p>Crypt/Colonic gland </p></li><li><p><span>Myenteric ganglion</span></p></li><li><p><span>Colonocyte</span></p></li><li><p><span>Goblet cell → lubricative and protective function.</span></p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
5
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<p>I. Oesophagus GIT video tutorial [4 main layers]</p>

I. Oesophagus GIT video tutorial [4 main layers]

  • Mucosa

  • Submucosa

  • Muscularis externa

  • Adventitia

Mucosal specialization in particular here

<ul><li><p>Mucosa</p></li><li><p>Submucosa</p></li><li><p>Muscularis externa</p></li><li><p>Adventitia</p></li></ul><p><em>Mucosal specialization in particular here</em></p><p></p>
6
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<p>II. Oesophagus GIT video tutorial [4 main layers]</p>

II. Oesophagus GIT video tutorial [4 main layers]

  • Mucosa

  • Submucosa

  • Muscularis externa

  • Adventitia

Mucosal specialization in particular here

<ul><li><p>Mucosa</p></li><li><p>Submucosa</p></li><li><p>Muscularis externa</p></li><li><p>Adventitia</p></li></ul><p><em>Mucosal specialization in particular here</em></p><p></p>
7
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<p>I. Stomach GIT tutorial video [4 main layers]</p>

I. Stomach GIT tutorial video [4 main layers]

  • Cardia

  • Fundus

  • Corpus

  • Pylorus

Secretory mucosa: acid and mucosa producing

  • Parietal cells

  • Chief cells

  • Gastric pits

  • Submucosa

  • Muscularis externa

  • Serosa

<ul><li><p>Cardia</p></li><li><p>Fundus</p></li><li><p>Corpus</p></li><li><p>Pylorus</p></li></ul><p><em>Secretory mucosa: acid and mucosa producing</em></p><ul><li><p>Parietal cells</p></li><li><p>Chief cells</p></li><li><p>Gastric pits</p></li><li><p>Submucosa</p></li><li><p>Muscularis externa </p></li><li><p>Serosa</p></li></ul><p></p>
8
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<p>II. Stomach GIT tutorial video [4 main layers]</p>

II. Stomach GIT tutorial video [4 main layers]

  • Cardia

  • Fundus

  • Corpus

  • Pylorus

<ul><li><p>Cardia</p></li><li><p>Fundus</p></li><li><p>Corpus</p></li><li><p>Pylorus</p></li></ul><p></p>
9
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<p>III. Stomach GIT tutorial video [4 main layers]</p>

III. Stomach GIT tutorial video [4 main layers]

  • Cardia

  • Fundus

  • Corpus

  • Pylorus

<ul><li><p>Cardia</p></li><li><p>Fundus</p></li><li><p>Corpus</p></li><li><p>Pylorus</p></li></ul><p></p>
10
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<p>IV. Stomach GIT tutorial video [4 main layers]</p>

IV. Stomach GIT tutorial video [4 main layers]

  • Cardia

  • Fundus

  • Corpus

  • Pylorus

<ul><li><p>Cardia</p></li><li><p>Fundus</p></li><li><p>Corpus</p></li><li><p>Pylorus</p></li></ul><p></p>
11
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<p>Small intestine → Jejunum GIT tutorial video [4 main layers]</p>

Small intestine → Jejunum GIT tutorial video [4 main layers]

  • Mucosa

  • Submucosa

  • Muscularis externa

  • Serosa

Highlight key differences between the small intestine and stomach. Also the small intestine and large intestine.

Differences are evident with respect to the surface area, musculature, epithelia, immune cell density

<ul><li><p>Mucosa</p></li><li><p>Submucosa</p></li><li><p>Muscularis externa</p></li><li><p>Serosa</p></li></ul><p><em>Highlight key differences between the </em><strong><em>small intestine </em></strong><em>and </em><strong><em>stomach. </em></strong><em>Also the </em><strong><em>small intestine </em></strong><em>and </em><strong><em>large intestine</em></strong><em>. </em></p><p><em>Differences are evident with respect to the surface area, musculature, epithelia, immune cell density</em></p><p></p>
12
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<p>Small intestine → Jejunum GIT tutorial video [4 main layers]</p>

Small intestine → Jejunum GIT tutorial video [4 main layers]

  • Mucosa

  • Submucosa

  • Muscularis externa

  • Serosa

Highlight key differences between the small intestine and stomach. Also the small intestine and large intestine.

Differences are evident with respect to the surface area, musculature, epithelia, immune cell density

13
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<p>I. Large intestine / Colon GIT tutorial video [4 main layers]</p>

I. Large intestine / Colon GIT tutorial video [4 main layers]

  • Mucosa

  • Submucosa

  • Muscularis externa

  • Adventitia/Serosa

  • Crypt

  • Goblet cell

Shallow plicae present in the large intestine and NO villi

<ul><li><p>Mucosa</p></li><li><p>Submucosa</p></li><li><p>Muscularis externa</p></li><li><p>Adventitia/Serosa</p></li><li><p>Crypt</p></li><li><p>Goblet cell</p></li></ul><p>Shallow plicae present in the large intestine and NO villi</p><p></p>
14
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<p>II. Large intestine / Colon GIT tutorial video [4 main layers]</p>

II. Large intestine / Colon GIT tutorial video [4 main layers]

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15
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<p>III. Large intestine / Colon GIT tutorial video [4 main layers]</p>

III. Large intestine / Colon GIT tutorial video [4 main layers]

knowt flashcard image