Chapter 8

Doubling Time

70/Population Growth Rate(%)

Growth rate

Br-Dr

Growth rate(g)

(CBR-CDR)/10

CBR

CBR = number of births/1000

CDR

CDR=number of deaths/1000

infant mortality rate

the death rate in children

Thomas Malthus’s

essay in principles of population

Neo-Malthusians

population growth will increase faster than food production

IPATS I = P*A*T*S

Impact = Population, Affluence, Technology, Sensivity

Demograghy

the application of population ecology

Demographers

Population size

Highest density

temperate, subtropical, tropical biomes and close to water

Lowest density

away from water, extreme environments

Total fertility rate

average number of children born to each female

Replacement fertility

the TFR that keeps the size of a population stable

Life expectancy

number of years likely to live

demographic tranisition

a model of economic change

Pre industrial stage

both birth and death rates are high

Transitional stage

declining death rates due to food production and medical care

transitional stage

birth rate decreases as women get jobs, less need for child labor

industrial

Birth rates fall as women pursue careers and child labor decreases

Post-industrial stage

birth and death rates are low and stable Population stabilizes or even shrinks

Family planning

efforts to control the number and spacing of children

Birth control

effort to control the number of children born

Contraception

way to prevent pregnancy

reproductive window

time frame where a woman can become pregnant

Biocapacity

amount of productive land and sea available to us

Demographic fatigue

governments face challenges related to population growth

current world growth rate

1.2 percent

exponential growth

N=n0e^rt

transitional stage

begins to industrialize, less deaths