geo ch 4

population engaged in agricultural activities

two-thirds

Primitive subsistence agriculture is practised on __________ with the help of__________

small patches of land ; primitive tools like hoe, dao and digging sticks, and family/ community labour.

Primitive subsistence farming depends upon

monsoon, natural fertility of the soil and suitability of other environmental conditions to the crops grown.

Primitive subsistence farming also known as

Slash and Burn Agriculture

crop grown by slash and burn agriculture

Cassava Tapioca

What is shifting cultivation called in the North-Eastern states of India?

Jhumming

In which Indian states is it known as Jhumming?

Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram, and Nagaland

What is shifting cultivation called in Manipur?

Pamlou

What is shifting cultivation called in Bastar district of Chhattisgarh n In A&N island?

Dipa

What is shifting cultivation called in Madhya Pradesh?

Bewar or Dahiya

What is shifting cultivation called in Andhra Pradesh?

Podu or Penda

What is shifting cultivation called in Odisha?

Pama Dabi / Koman / Bringa

What is shifting cultivation called in the Western Ghats?

Kumari

What is shifting cultivation called in South-Eastern Rajasthan?

Valre or Waltre

What is shifting cultivation called in the Himalayan belt?

Khil

What is shifting cultivation called in Jharkhand?

Kuruwa

What is shifting cultivation called in Mexico and Central America?

Milpa

What is shifting cultivation called in Venezuela?

Conuco

What is shifting cultivation called in Brazil?

Roca

What is shifting cultivation called in Central Africa?

Masole

What is shifting cultivation called in Indonesia?

Ladang

What is shifting cultivation called in Vietnam?

Ray

What is Intensive Subsistence Farming?

A type of farming practised in areas with high population pressure on land, aiming for maximum production from small landholdings.

name a crop that is a commercial crop in Haryana and Punjab, but in Odisha, it is a subsistence crop

rice

In which type of farming is a single crop grown on a large area?

Plantation farming (a type of commercial farming)

egs for Plantation farming

tea in assam n north bengal
coffee in karnataka

~~ rubber, sugarcane, banana

rabi months

sown: oct- dec
harvested: apr-june

crops grown in rabi season

wheat, barley, peas, gram and mustard

Which states are important producers of wheat and other rabi crops in India?

Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Uttarakhand, and Uttar Pradesh.

kharif months

grown with onset of monsoon
harvested: sep-oct

crops grown in kharif

paddy, maize, jowar, bajra, tur (arhar), moong, urad, cotton, jute, groundnut and soyabean

What are the three paddy crops grown in a year in Assam, West Bengal, and Odisha?

Aus, Aman, and Boro

Which states are the major rice-growing regions of India?

Assam, West Bengal, Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Maharashtra (Konkan Coast), Uttar Pradesh, and Bihar.

between rabi n kharif

zaid

zaid crops

sugarcane, watermelon, muskmelon, cucumber, vegetables and fodder crops

What is the staple food crop of a majority of the people in India?

Rice.

Which country is the largest producer of rice in the world?

China.

What type of crop is rice classified as?

Kharif crop.

What temperature does rice require for optimal growth?

Above 25°C.

What are the conditions regarding humidity for rice cultivation?

High humidity is required.

What is the minimum annual rainfall requirement for growing rice?

Above 100 cm.

In which regions of India is rice mainly grown?

The plains of North India, North-Eastern India, coastal areas, and deltaic regions.

Which low-rainfall states have become important rice-growing areas due to irrigation?

Punjab, Haryana, and western Uttar Pradesh

What is the second most important cereal crop?

Wheat.

What type of crop is wheat classified as?

Rabi crop.

How much annual rainfall does wheat require, and how should it be distributed?

50 to 75 cm of annual rainfall

What are the two important wheat-growing zones in India?

The Ganga-Satluj plains in the north-west and the black soil region of the Deccan.

Which states are the major wheat-producing states in India?

Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, and Rajasthan.

Which are the three important millets grown in India?

Jowar, Bajra, and Ragi.

millets are known as

coarse grains

Which millet is especially rich in iron, calcium, micronutrients, and roughage?

Ragi

Which millet is the third most important food crop in India in terms of area and production?

Jowar

Name the major Jowar-producing states.

Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, and Madhya Pradesh

Which soils are suitable for Bajra cultivation?

Sandy soils and shallow black soils.

Name the major Bajra-producing states.

Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujarat, and Haryana.

Which soils are suitable for Ragi cultivation?

Red, black, sandy, loamy, and shallow black soils

Name the major Ragi-producing states.

Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, Jharkhand, and Arunachal Pradesh.

Which season crop is maize?

kharif

What temperature is suitable for maize cultivation?

Maize requires a temperature between 21°C and 27°C.

Which type of soil is best suited for maize

old alluvial soil

In which state is maize also grown during the rabi season?

Bihar

Name the major maize-producing states in India.

Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh, and Telangana.

Which pulses are mainly grown in the kharif season?

Tur (Arhar), Urad, and Moong.

Which pulses are mainly grown in the rabi season?

Gram (Chana), Masur, and Peas.

Which pulse is an exception among leguminous crops in fixing nitrogen?

Arhar

Which country is the largest producer and consumer of pulses?

India

Name the major pulse-producing states of India.

Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, and Karnataka.

What type of crop is sugarcane?

tropical as well as a subtropical crop.

What is the ideal temperature range for sugarcane?

21°C to 27°C.

How much annual rainfall does sugarcane require?

Between 75 cm and 100 cm.

Which country is the largest producer of sugarcane in the world?

Brazil

What products are obtained from sugarcane?

Sugar, gur (jaggery), khandsari, and molasses.

Name the major sugarcane-producing states of India.

Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Bihar, Punjab, and Haryana.

Which country was the largest producer of groundnut in the world in 2020?

China

Approximately what percentage of India's total cropped area is under oilseeds?

About 12%

Name the major oilseeds grown in India.

Groundnut, Mustard, Coconut, Sesamum (Til), Soyabean, Castor seeds, Cotton seeds, Linseed, and Sunflower.

Apart from cooking, where are oilseeds used?

In the manufacture of soap, cosmetics, and ointments.

Is groundnut a kharif or rabi crop?

kharif

Which state was the largest producer of groundnut in 2019–20?

Gujurat

Which states followed Gujarat in groundnut production in 2019–20?

Rajasthan and Gujurat

Which oilseed crops are rabi crops?

Linseed or Mustard

Is sesamum (til) a kharif or rabi crop?

• Kharif crop in North India

• Rabi crop in South India

What kind of crop is tea?

Beverage crop

In which climate does the tea plant grow well?

Tropical and Sub tropical climates

What type of soil is suitable for tea cultivation?

Deep, fertile, well-drained soil rich in humus and organic matter.

Which state is the leading tea-producing state in India?

Assam

Name the tea-producing states of India.

Assam, West Bengal (Darjeeling and Jalpaiguri), Tamil Nadu, and Kerala. Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Meghalaya, Andhra Pradesh, and Tripura.

Which country was the largest producer of tea in 2020?

China

Which variety of coffee is mainly produced in India?

Arabica

From which country was the Arabica variety brought to India?

Yemen

Where was coffee cultivation first introduced in India?

On Baba Budan Hills

In which states is coffee cultivation mainly confined today?

Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu.

In which hill region is coffee cultivation mainly carried out?

Nilgiri Hills

Which country was the largest producer of fruits and vegetables in 2020?

China

Which states are famous for mango production?

Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Uttar Pradesh, and West Bengal.

Which places are famous for oranges?

Nagpur and Cherrapunjee (Meghalaya).

Which states are famous for banana production?

Kerala, Mizoram, Maharashtra, and Tamil Nadu.

Which states are famous for litchi and Guava production?

Uttar Pradesh and Bihar

Which state is famous for pineapple production?

Meghalaya

Which states are famous for grape production?

Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, and Maharashtra.