Oral Communication Chapter 7

culture

the ongoing negotiation of learned and patterned beliefs, attitudes, values, and behaviors

personal identities

include components of the self that are primarily intrapersonal and connected to our life experiences

social identities

components of the self that are derived from involvement in social groups with which we are interpersonally committed

cultural identities

based on socially constructed categories that teach us a way of being and include expectations for social behavior or ways of acting

in-group and out-group

perceive people in the out-group based on stereotypes and prejudice and not for the individual

ideology of domination

makes it seem natural and normal that some people or groups will always have power over others

social constructionism

a view that argues the self is formed through our interactions with others and in relationship to social, cultural, and political contexts

race

a socially constructed category based on differences in appearance that has been used to create hierarchies that privilege some and disadvantage others

code switching

involves changing from one way of speaking to another between or within interactions

gender

an identity based on internalized cultural notions of masculinity and femininity that is constructed through communication and interaction

sex

based on biological characteristics, including external genitalia, internal sex organs, chromosomes, and hormones

ideology of patriarchy

a system of social structures and practices that maintains the values, priorities, and interests of men as a group

transgender

an umbrella term for people whose sex identity and/or expression does not match the sex they were assigned by birth

sexuality

relates to culture and identity in important ways that extend beyond sexual orientation

sexual orientation

a person's primary physical and emotional sexual attraction and activity

medical model of disability

places disability as an individual and medical rather than social and cultural issues

ableism

the system of beliefs and practices that produces a physical and mental standard that is projected as normal for a human being and labels deviations from it abnormal resulting in unequal treatment and access to resources

ethnocentrism

our tendency to view our own culture as superior to other cultures

intercultural communication competence (ICC)

the ability to communicate effectively and appropriately in various cultural contexts

motivation

the root of a person's desire to foster intercultural relationships and can be intrinsic or extrinsic

mindfulness

a state of self and other monitoring that informs later reflection on communication interactions

cognitive flexibility

the ability to continually supplement and revise existing knowledge to create new categories rather than forcing new knowledge into old categories

tolerance for uncertainty

an individual's attitude about and level of comfort in uncertain situations

avowed identity

what you identified yourself as

ascribed identity

what culture identified you as (generalization)

colorism

discriminating and prejudice certain race and ethic and favoring lighter skin than darker skin people

interracial communication

embracing communication of different historical race

dual consciousness

people are able to maintain their linguistic identities with their in-group peers but can still acquire tools and gain access needed to function in dominant society

intersectionality

examines how various social identities (like race, gender, class, sexuality, etc.) interact and influence individuals' experiences and communication styles, recognizing that people don't experience identities in isolation