Human Alternation of Generation and Cell Division

Vocabulary-style flashcards covering the human alternation of generation, somatic and gametic cells, and the comparison of mitosis and meiosis phases.

Haploid

A cell or organism represented as $1n$.

Diploid

A cell or organism represented as $2n$.

Somatic cell

A diploid ($2n$) body cell that undergoes mitosis.

Gamete

A haploid ($1n$) reproductive cell.

Homologous chromosomes

Pairs of chromosomes that are similar in structure and gene sequence.

Somatic cell in $G1$

A $2n$ cell at a stage in the cell cycle with unreplicated chromosomes.

Somatic cell in $G2$

A $2n$ cell at a stage in the cell cycle with replicated chromosomes.

Mitosis

A cell division process starting with a $2n$ replicated cell and ending with a $2n$ unreplicated cell.

Meiosis I

A cell division process starting with a $2n$ replicated cell and ending with a $1n$ replicated cell.

Meiosis II

A cell division process starting with a $1n$ replicated cell and ending with a $1n$ unreplicated cell.

Mitosis Metaphase Plate

The location where $2n$ number of sister chromatids align.

Meiosis I Metaphase Plate

The location where $2n$ number of homologous chromosomes align.

Meiosis II Metaphase Plate

The location where $1n$ number of sister chromatids align.

Mitosis Anaphase

The stage of mitosis where sister chromatids separate.

Meiosis I Anaphase

The stage of meiosis where homologous chromosomes separate.

Meiosis II Anaphase

The stage of meiosis where sister chromatids separate.