Consciousness

What is consciousness defined as?

Internal feelings and awareness. The brain is also aware when asleep.

What is selective attention?

The ability to focus on what you are able to perceive while ignoring other stimuli.

What is inattentional blindness?

A phenomenon where an individual fails to notice a visible object because attention is directed elsewhere.

What is change blindness?

Not noticing changes in the environment.

Who was William James?

The first American psychologist who developed functionalism in 1889.

What does sleep deprivation affect compared to food deprivation?

Sleep deprivation kills faster than food deprivation.

At what times do adult humans feel sleepy?

Humans typically feel sleepy at 2 AM and 2 PM every day.

How long should it take to fall asleep?

Falling asleep should ideally take about 5 minutes.

What is the circadian rhythm?

An internal clock that regulates sleep-wake cycles.

What is the recommended sleep temperature environment?

The air should be approximately 65 degrees Fahrenheit to encourage sleep.

What characterizes NREM stage 2 sleep?

A 20-minute stage where individuals can be easily woken, with no dreams and no eye movement.

What is REM sleep?

The dream stage of sleep where the brain is active but the body is paralyzed.

What is manifest content in dreams?

The remembered part of a dream.

What is latent content in dreams?

The unconscious content of a dream that reveals hidden wishes.

What did Freud's iceberg theory illustrate?

The mind's structure, comprising the preconscious, conscious, and unconscious.

What is the effect of sleep apnea?

It affects approximately 1 in 20 adults and involves a person stopping breathing while asleep.

What are parasomnias?

Sleep disorders that include sleepwalking, talking, night terrors, and sleep apnea.

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What is the sleep cycle for teenagers?

Teenagers experience a sleep delay and are most fatigued between 3-7 AM and 2-5 PM.

What is dyssomnia?

A category of sleep disorders including insomnia and narcolepsy.

What are recurring dreams often a result of?

Stress.

What common belief did the Ancient Greeks have about dreams?

They believed dreams had meaning and could reveal insights into the unconscious mind.

What do Freudian slips reveal?

They are considered 'word vomit', illustrating unintended and revealing speech.

How common is insomnia among adults?

Insomnia affects 1 in 10 adults and is influenced by stress levels.

What is REM sleep disorder?

A disorder where the brain fails to suppress muscle movements during REM sleep.

What is the typical duration of Delta waves in deep sleep (NREM 3-4)?

Delta waves occur during the most difficult stage to wake up, lasting about 30 minutes.

What is the impact of sleeping on weekends according to studies?

Sleeping on weekends does not effectively help in catching up on sleep.

What does daydreaming help with?

It helps in organizing thoughts.

What is narcolepsy characterized by?

Sudden attacks of overwhelming sleepiness occurring at inappropriate times.

What is a defining feature of night terrors?

Intense episodes that may include doubled heart rate and high blood pressure, with no recollection afterwards.