Week 1 Body Systems

What is the smallest unit capable of sustaining life?

Cell

What mechanism does the body use to maintain homeostasis?

Negative Feedback Loop

Which organ system is responsible for hematopoiesis?

Skeletal System

Define homeostasis.

The ability to maintain a relatively constant internal environment.

What are the three main levels of organization in the human body?

Organelles, Cells, and Tissues.

What is an organ defined as?

A structure made up of several different kinds of tissues that work together to perform a special function.

What is the primary function of the integumentary system?

Protect internal organs and regulate body temperature.

What role does the endocrine system play in the body?

Regulates metabolism, growth, and reproduction through hormones.

What is the response when blood glucose levels are too high?

Insulin is secreted to lower glucose levels.

What are the components of the cardiovascular system?

Blood, heart, and blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries).

What is the main function of the respiratory system?

Gas exchange (taking in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide).

What is the role of the kidneys in the urinary system?

To eliminate waste and regulate blood volume and composition.

What are the major components of the male reproductive system?

Testis, Epididymis, Vas deferens, Scrotum, Penis.

Define stimulus in the context of homeostasis.

Any disruption or change in a controlled condition that causes deviations from normalcy.

What does a homeostatic system require to function?

A sensor, command center, and effectors.

Give an example of positive feedback in the body.

Labor and delivery process where oxytocin release increases uterine contractions.

What is the main goal of thermoregulation?

To maintain body temperature within the optimal range.

What triggers the release of calcitonin from the thyroid gland?

Hypercalcemia (elevated blood calcium levels).

What is the most common feedback mechanism in biological systems?

Negative feedback.

What happens to blood vessels when the body is too hot?

Vasodilation occurs to increase blood flow and heat loss.

What are the two types of feedback mechanisms in homeostasis?

Positive feedback and negative feedback.

What is the function of the lymphatic system?

Transports lymph and plays a role in immunity.

What is an effector in a homeostatic control system?

A cell, tissue, or organ that produces an effect to restore stability.

What is the primary function of the muscular system?

Provides movement and maintains posture.