Ancient Egypt

Nile River

The longest river in the world, flowing though northeastern Africa.

What ancient civilization was by the Nile?

Ancient Egyptians

Is the Lower Kingdom north/south

North

Is the Upper Kingdom north/south

south

Cairo

The capital of Egypt located very downstream of the Nile

Hieroglyph

A system of writing used by Ancient Egyptians using pictures to represent sounds, words and ideas

What did hieroglyphs help to do?

Record events, keep track of food supply, taxes, etc.

Vizier

The pharaohʻs advisor, right under the pharaoh (high rank), helped the pharaoh run the government.

Polytheism

The belief in more than one deity

Thebes

A capital and city that was a major religious and ceremonial site

Where was Thebes located?

In the upper kingdom

Pharaoh

A god-king that had complete control and communications with the gods.

Pyramid

Large triangle structures built as royal tombs for the pharaoh and their consort

Scribe

People who were trained to read, write, and record important information

Ra and Osiris

Ra: Ancient Egyptian sun god

Osiris: Ancient Egyptian god of afterlife and death

Giza

An important site for pyramids, tombs and monuments in Egypt.

Giza

On the west side of the Nile across from Cairo, very downstream of the Nile

The west side of the nile represents _____ the east side represents ____

West = death

East = life

Hatshepsut

A female pharaoh who expanded trade and built many monuments

Why was she so famous?

She was the first female pharaoh to not get overthrown and earned respect

Rameses

A powerful pharaoh who put his name on many temples and structures that still exist in Egypt

Tutankhamen

Young pharaoh that died young and son of Akhenaten

Why was he so famous?

Because his grave was untouched meaning we learned a lot from Ancient Egyptian culture from his tomb

Papyrus

A material made from a papyrus plant that ancient Egyptians used for writing.

Book of the Dead

Their book or collection of spells and instructions that guide the soul through after life

What happens in the after life after the steps?

The Hall of Maat where their heart will be weighed against a feather for purity

What happens if your heart fails?

It gets fed to the beast and lost forever

Sarcophagus

A stone coffin used to protect a personʻs body after death

Afterlife

The belief that a personʻs spirit continues to exist after death

What is the focus of Ancient Egyptian religion

Making it to the afterlife successfully

What would you do if you wanted something to come into the afterlife with you?

Bury you with it

How many periods of time did Ancient Egypt go through?

Old, Middle, New kingdoms

Who conquers Egypt and who do they give it to?

Alexander the great conquers Egypt and gives it to the Ptolemy family (Greek)

What happened with the Nile annually?

It flooded so they started predicting when with a calendar

What did the flooding make Egypt be?

Rich and nutritious (target)

What helped to water the plants?

Irrigation channels